physicalism

简明释义

英[ˈfɪzɪkəˌlɪzəm]美[ˈfɪzɪkəlˌɪzəm]

n. 物理主义

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.This involves a kind of naturalizing beyond the dichotomy of transcendent metaphysics and reductionist physicalism, that's a special kind of naturalization.

包含了,形而上学二元论,和物理还原论意外的研究范围，这是一种特殊的自然化。

2.So again, I'm going to suppose here on out that the metaphysical view that I've been sketching is right; that physicalism is true.

所以我要再次假设，我描绘的那个形而上学的观点是正确的，物理主义是正确的。

3.The two main traditional answers to this question are dualism and physicalism.

物理主义和二元论，是关于这个问题的两种不同的回答。

4.Physicalism, the theory that all there is physical stuff.

物理主义认为所有的理论都是物质形式。

5.The influence of physicalism upon contemporary Philosophy of Mind is demonstrated in different respects.

物理主义在当代心灵哲学中的影响体现在不同的方面。

6.That is the thesis of a monistic materialism physicalism of consciousness and mind and second mental states and processes cannot be reduced to a physio-physical states and processes.

这是一个一元的，唯物的，自然的，针对意识的阐述，第二种这认为精神状态和过程，不能被归结为生理或物质的状态和过程。

7.Dualism and physicalism cannot explain why our psychology relates our physiology, and there are some difficult when functionalism solve the problem, but all do not result eliminativism.

二元论与物理主义都不能对心身问题给出合理的解答，图林机功能主义在解释心身关系中也存在诸多困难，但并不导致取消主义。

8.The metaphysical thesis of physicalism, according to Jackson, can be defined as follows: any possible world that is a minimal physical duplicate of our world is a duplicate simpliciter of our world.

按Jackson，物理主义的形上学主张能被这样定义：作为我们这个世界的最小物理副本的任一可能世界都是我们这个世界的绝对副本。

9.The metaphysical thesis of physicalism, according to Jackson, can be defined as follows: any possible world that is a minimal physical duplicate of our world is a duplicate simpliciter of our world.

按Jackson，物理主义的形上学主张能被这样定义：作为我们这个世界的最小物理副本的任一可能世界都是我们这个世界的绝对副本。

10.Proponents of physicalism believe that mental states can be reduced to physical processes in the brain.

支持physicalism（物理主义）的人相信，心理状态可以归结为大脑中的物理过程。

11.In philosophy, physicalism refers to the idea that everything is ultimately physical in nature.

在哲学中，physicalism（物理主义）指的是一切事物最终是物质的这一观点。

12.Many scientists support physicalism because it aligns with the empirical evidence we gather from the natural world.

许多科学家支持physicalism（物理主义），因为它与我们从自然界收集的实证证据相一致。

13.Critics of physicalism argue that it cannot fully explain consciousness and subjective experiences.

批评physicalism（物理主义）的人认为，它无法完全解释意识和主观体验。

14.The debate between dualism and physicalism has been central to discussions in the philosophy of mind.

二元论和physicalism（物理主义）之间的辩论一直是心灵哲学讨论的核心。

作文

In the realm of philosophy, particularly in the discussions surrounding the mind-body problem, the concept of physicalism plays a pivotal role. Physicalism is the doctrine that everything that exists is no more extensive than its physical properties; that is, all phenomena, including mental phenomena, can be explained in terms of physical processes and states. This idea challenges dualistic views that separate the mind from the body, proposing instead that mental states are fundamentally physical in nature.To understand physicalism, it is essential to explore its implications on our understanding of consciousness. Traditionally, many philosophers have adhered to dualism, which posits that the mind and body are distinct entities. However, physicalism argues that mental states such as beliefs, desires, and emotions are not independent of physical states but are rather products of physical interactions within the brain. This perspective aligns with advancements in neuroscience, which increasingly demonstrate that cognitive functions correlate with specific neural activities.One of the most compelling arguments for physicalism is the success of scientific explanations in accounting for various phenomena previously thought to be beyond the scope of physical laws. For instance, the experience of pain can now be understood through the activation of certain neural pathways, rather than being viewed as a non-physical sensation. This reductionist approach not only simplifies our understanding of complex experiences but also provides a framework for addressing mental health issues through biological interventions.Moreover, physicalism has significant implications for ethics and morality. If our thoughts and actions are determined by physical processes, this raises questions about free will and moral responsibility. Are we truly accountable for our actions if they are merely the result of biochemical reactions? This dilemma invites further exploration into the nature of human agency and the extent to which we can be held responsible for our choices.Critics of physicalism often argue that it cannot fully account for the richness of human experience, particularly the subjective quality of consciousness known as 'qualia.' They contend that while physical processes can explain behaviors and responses, they fall short of capturing the essence of personal experience. This critique has led to the development of alternative theories, such as panpsychism, which suggests that consciousness is a fundamental aspect of all matter.Despite these criticisms, physicalism remains a dominant view in contemporary philosophy. Its emphasis on empirical evidence and scientific inquiry resonates with the broader movement toward naturalism in understanding the universe. By grounding our understanding of the mind in physical reality, physicalism encourages a more integrated approach to knowledge, where philosophy and science work hand in hand.In conclusion, physicalism offers a compelling framework for understanding the relationship between mind and body. While it faces challenges and critiques, its alignment with scientific progress makes it a valuable perspective in both philosophical discourse and practical applications. As we continue to explore the depths of consciousness and the nature of existence, physicalism will undoubtedly remain a critical point of reference in our quest for knowledge.

在哲学领域，特别是在关于心身问题的讨论中，概念physicalism（物理主义）发挥着关键作用。Physicalism是这样一种学说：一切存在的事物都不比其物理属性更广泛；也就是说，所有现象，包括心理现象，都可以用物理过程和状态来解释。这一观点挑战了将心灵与身体分开的二元论观点，提出心理状态本质上是物理的。要理解physicalism，必须探讨它对我们理解意识的影响。传统上，许多哲学家坚持二元论，认为心灵和身体是不同的实体。然而，physicalism认为，信念、欲望和情感等心理状态并不是独立于物理状态的，而是大脑内物理相互作用的产物。这一观点与神经科学的进展相一致，后者越来越多地表明，认知功能与特定神经活动相关。支持physicalism的一个最有说服力的论点是，科学解释在解释各种现象方面的成功，这些现象曾被认为超出了物理法则的范围。例如，疼痛体验现在可以通过某些神经通路的激活来理解，而不是被视为一种非物理的感觉。这种还原论的方法不仅简化了我们对复杂体验的理解，而且提供了通过生物干预来解决心理健康问题的框架。此外，physicalism对伦理和道德有重要影响。如果我们的思想和行为是由物理过程决定的，那么这就引发了关于自由意志和道德责任的问题。如果我们的行为仅仅是生化反应的结果，我们是否真的应该为此负责？这一难题邀请人们进一步探讨人类行为的性质以及我们在多大程度上可以对自己的选择负责。Physicalism的批评者常常认为，它无法完全解释人类经验的丰富性，特别是被称为“质感”的主观意识质量。他们认为，尽管物理过程可以解释行为和反应，但它们未能捕捉个人体验的本质。这一批评导致了替代理论的发展，例如泛心论，它认为意识是所有物质的基本特征。尽管面临这些批评，physicalism仍然是当代哲学中的主导观点。它强调实证证据和科学探究，与理解宇宙的自然主义运动相呼应。通过将我们对心灵的理解建立在物理现实之上，physicalism鼓励了一种更为综合的知识观，即哲学与科学携手合作。总之，physicalism为理解心灵与身体之间的关系提供了一个引人注目的框架。尽管面临挑战和批评，但它与科学进步的一致性使其成为哲学讨论和实际应用中的宝贵视角。随着我们继续探索意识的深度和存在的本质，physicalism无疑将在我们追求知识的过程中保持关键参考点。