apoptosis

简明释义

英[ˌæpəpˈtəʊsɪs]美[ˌæpəˈtoʊsɪs;ˌeɪpɑːpˈtoʊsɪs]

n. 细胞凋亡；细胞死亡

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Apoptosis is a programmed cell death that is regulated by genes.

细胞凋亡是一种由基因调控的细胞程序性死亡过程。

2.Objective To study the role of apoptosis in spinal cord injury.

目的探讨细胞凋亡在脊髓损伤发病机理中的作用。

3.Cell apoptosis is programmed cell death.

细胞凋亡是细胞的正常死亡。

4.It seems this reactivation also allows the mitochondria to stimulate apoptosis.

表面上看，线粒体的重新激活同样会促进凋亡发生。

5.METHOD Cell apoptosis was observed with inverted microscope and flow cytometer.

方法运用倒置显微镜观察，流式细胞仪检测分析。

6.The study on apoptosis of middle ear cholesteatoma epithelium has become a hotspot in recent years.

近年来，有关中耳胆脂瘤的发生与细胞凋亡状态的研究受到广泛关注。

7.In neurodegenerative diseases, the regulation of apoptosis 细胞凋亡 is often disrupted.

在神经退行性疾病中，细胞凋亡 apoptosis 的调节常常被打乱。

8.Research indicates that certain drugs can induce apoptosis 细胞凋亡 in tumor cells.

研究表明，某些药物可以诱导肿瘤细胞发生细胞凋亡 apoptosis。

9.The immune system uses apoptosis 细胞凋亡 to remove infected or damaged cells.

免疫系统利用细胞凋亡 apoptosis 来去除受感染或受损的细胞。

10.Cancer cells often evade apoptosis 细胞凋亡, allowing them to proliferate uncontrollably.

癌细胞通常逃避细胞凋亡 apoptosis，使其得以失控增殖。

11.During embryonic development, the process of apoptosis 细胞凋亡 helps to eliminate unnecessary cells.

在胚胎发育过程中，细胞凋亡 apoptosis 的过程有助于消除不必要的细胞。

作文

In the realm of biology, few processes are as crucial to the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms as apoptosis. This term, derived from the Greek word for 'falling off,' refers to the programmed cell death that occurs in a controlled and regulated manner. Unlike necrosis, which is a form of traumatic cell death resulting from injury or disease, apoptosis is a natural and necessary process that plays a vital role in various physiological functions, including growth, development, and homeostasis.During embryonic development, apoptosis is responsible for shaping the structure of organs and tissues. For instance, the separation of fingers and toes in a developing fetus occurs due to the selective elimination of cells through apoptosis. This process ensures that the limbs develop properly and that there is no webbing between the digits. Additionally, apoptosis helps maintain tissue health by removing damaged or potentially harmful cells, such as those that may become cancerous.The mechanism of apoptosis involves a series of biochemical events that lead to characteristic morphological changes in the cell. These changes include cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, and the formation of apoptotic bodies, which are ultimately phagocytosed by neighboring cells or immune cells. This efficient removal of dying cells prevents inflammation and damage to surrounding tissues, highlighting the importance of apoptosis in maintaining cellular integrity.Moreover, apoptosis is not only essential during development but also plays a critical role in adult life. The body constantly produces new cells, and with this continuous turnover, it is equally important to eliminate old or dysfunctional cells. For example, in the immune system, apoptosis helps regulate the lifespan of immune cells, ensuring that only those that are needed remain active. This regulation is crucial for preventing autoimmune diseases, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues.Dysregulation of apoptosis can lead to a variety of diseases. Insufficient apoptosis can contribute to cancer, as cells that should undergo programmed death continue to proliferate uncontrollably. Conversely, excessive apoptosis is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, where the loss of neurons leads to cognitive decline. Understanding the pathways and signals that regulate apoptosis has become a significant area of research, with the potential for developing targeted therapies for these conditions.In conclusion, apoptosis is a fundamental biological process that is essential for the proper functioning of living organisms. Its role in development, tissue maintenance, and disease prevention underscores its significance in biology. As researchers continue to explore the intricacies of apoptosis, we gain deeper insights into how life is regulated at the cellular level, paving the way for innovative treatments for a range of diseases. The ongoing study of apoptosis not only enhances our understanding of biology but also offers hope for advancements in medical science that could improve human health and longevity.

在生物学的领域中，像凋亡这样对多细胞生物的发展和维持至关重要的过程并不多。这个词源于希腊语，意为“脱落”，指的是以一种控制和调节的方式发生的程序性细胞死亡。与由于损伤或疾病引起的创伤性细胞死亡（即坏死）不同，凋亡是一种自然且必要的过程，在生长、发育和稳态等多种生理功能中发挥着重要作用。在胚胎发育过程中，凋亡负责塑造器官和组织的结构。例如，胎儿中手指和脚趾的分离是由于通过凋亡选择性消除细胞而发生的。这个过程确保四肢的正常发育，并且没有数字之间的蹼膜。此外，凋亡通过去除受损或潜在有害的细胞（例如那些可能变成癌细胞的细胞）来维持组织健康。凋亡的机制涉及一系列生化事件，这些事件导致细胞特征性的形态变化。这些变化包括细胞收缩、细胞核碎裂和凋亡小体的形成，最终被邻近细胞或免疫细胞吞噬。这种高效去除死亡细胞的过程防止了炎症和周围组织的损伤，突显了凋亡在维持细胞完整性方面的重要性。此外，凋亡不仅在发育过程中至关重要，而且在成人生活中也发挥着关键作用。身体不断产生新细胞，而随着这种持续的更新，消除旧的或功能失常的细胞同样重要。例如，在免疫系统中，凋亡帮助调节免疫细胞的寿命，确保只有那些需要的细胞保持活跃。这种调节对于防止自身免疫疾病至关重要，在这种情况下，免疫系统错误地攻击身体自己的组织。凋亡的失调可能导致各种疾病。凋亡不足可能导致癌症，因为本应经历程序性死亡的细胞继续不受控制地增殖。相反，过度的凋亡与神经退行性疾病有关，例如阿尔茨海默病，其中神经元的丧失导致认知能力下降。理解调节凋亡的途径和信号已成为重要的研究领域，具有开发针对这些疾病的靶向疗法的潜力。总之，凋亡是一个基本的生物过程，对于生物体的正常功能至关重要。它在发育、组织维持和疾病预防中的作用突显了其在生物学中的重要性。随着研究人员继续探索凋亡的复杂性，我们对生命在细胞水平上的调控有了更深入的认识，为开发范围广泛的疾病创新治疗铺平了道路。对凋亡的持续研究不仅增强了我们对生物学的理解，也为医学科学的进步提供了希望，这可能改善人类的健康和寿命。