alkane

简明释义

英[ˈælkeɪn]美[ˈælkeɪn]

n. [有化] 链烷；烷属烃

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The results showed that assessing the quantity and the species of grass of grazing animal with alkane technology had preferable value in application.

结果表明：利用链烷烃技术测定放牧动物的采食量和牧草的种类，具有较好的应用价值。

2.This makes part of alkane and aromatics, which are the ideal components for the refinery, into the slurry oil causing the FCC feedstock loss.

而大量的FCC油浆外甩导致部分可裂化的烷烃、芳烃等理想组分进入油浆，从而造成FCC原料的损失。

3.The potential of alkane hydroxylases to catalyze high added-value reactions and their high exclusive performances are widely recognized.

其中烷烃加氧酶因可催化高增值反应且具有高效专一性而得到广泛认可。

4.From there, the researchers narrowed down the possibilities until they identified the genes and enzymes necessary for alkane production.

通过这样，研究者缩小了可能性直到他们确定产烷必须的基因和酶。

5.That means each of its molecules contains an oxygen atom as well as the carbon and hydrogen found in an alkane.

就是说每个分子也都含有氧原子以及在烷烃中存在的碳和氢。

6.It is a saturated hydrocarbon belonging to the alkane homologous series.

是饱和碳氢化合物，属于烷烃同系物。

7.Methane is the first member of the alkane series.

甲烷是烷烃系列的第一个成员。

8.The simplest form of hydrocarbon is an alkane, which consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

最简单的碳氢化合物是烷烃，它仅由碳和氢原子组成。

9.When burned, alkanes produce carbon dioxide and water.

当燃烧时，烷烃会产生二氧化碳和水。

10.In organic chemistry, an alkane is a saturated hydrocarbon with single bonds.

在有机化学中，烷烃是具有单键的饱和碳氢化合物。

11.The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2.

烷烃的一般公式是CnH2n+2。

作文

Alkanes are a fundamental class of hydrocarbons that play a crucial role in both organic chemistry and various industrial applications. An alkane (烷烃) is defined as a saturated hydrocarbon, meaning that it consists only of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms, with all carbon-carbon bonds being single bonds. This structure allows alkanes to be relatively stable and unreactive compared to other types of hydrocarbons, such as alkenes and alkynes, which contain double or triple bonds. The simplest alkane is methane (CH4), which consists of one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. Methane is not only a major component of natural gas but also serves as a significant energy source worldwide. As we progress to more complex alkanes, we encounter ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), and butane (C4H10), each having increasing numbers of carbon and hydrogen atoms. These compounds are commonly used as fuels, refrigerants, and raw materials in the petrochemical industry.One of the interesting aspects of alkanes (烷烃) is their structural diversity. Alkanes can exist in straight-chain forms, known as normal alkanes, or in branched forms, known as isoalkanes. For instance, butane can exist as n-butane, a straight-chain alkane, or isobutane, a branched version. This branching significantly affects the physical properties of the compounds, including their boiling points and densities. Generally, branched alkanes have lower boiling points than their straight-chain counterparts due to decreased surface area, which leads to weaker van der Waals forces between molecules.The nomenclature of alkanes (烷烃) follows specific rules established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The names of alkanes are derived from a systematic method that incorporates the number of carbon atoms in the chain. For example, the prefix 'pent-' indicates five carbon atoms, leading to the name pentane (C5H12). Understanding this nomenclature is essential for chemists and students alike, as it provides clarity in communication about these compounds.In addition to their chemical significance, alkanes (烷烃) are also important in environmental science. The combustion of alkanes produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O), releasing energy in the process. However, this combustion also contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, which have been linked to global warming. Therefore, while alkanes are vital for energy production, their environmental impact necessitates careful consideration and management.Moreover, the study of alkanes (烷烃) extends into the realm of organic synthesis. Chemists often utilize alkanes as starting materials for various chemical reactions, leading to the formation of more complex organic molecules. Techniques such as cracking and reforming are employed in the petroleum industry to convert larger alkanes into smaller, more useful ones, thereby optimizing fuel efficiency and production.In conclusion, alkanes (烷烃) represent a key category of hydrocarbons that are integral to many facets of chemistry and industry. Their simple structure, diverse forms, and significant applications highlight their importance. As we continue to explore the vast world of organic chemistry, understanding alkanes will provide a solid foundation for grasping more complex concepts and reactions. Whether it is in the context of energy production, environmental considerations, or industrial applications, alkanes remain a central focus of study and innovation in the field.

烷烃是一个基本的烃类，它在有机化学和各种工业应用中扮演着至关重要的角色。alkane（烷烃）被定义为饱和烃，意味着它仅由碳（C）和氢（H）原子组成，且所有的碳-碳键都是单键。这种结构使得烷烃相对稳定且不易反应，与其他类型的烃类（如烯烃和炔烃，后者含有双键或三键）相比，烷烃的反应性较低。最简单的烷烃是甲烷（CH4），它由一个碳原子与四个氢原子结合而成。甲烷不仅是天然气的主要成分，也是全球重要的能源来源。随着我们逐步了解更复杂的烷烃，我们会遇到乙烷（C2H6）、丙烷（C3H8）和丁烷（C4H10），每种烷烃的碳和氢原子数量逐渐增加。这些化合物通常用作燃料、制冷剂以及石油化工行业的原材料。alkanes（烷烃）的一个有趣方面是它们的结构多样性。烷烃可以以直链形式存在，称为正烷烃，也可以以支链形式存在，称为异烷烃。例如，丁烷可以作为n-丁烷（直链烷烃）或异丁烷（支链形式）存在。这种分支显著影响化合物的物理性质，包括沸点和密度。一般来说，支链烷烃的沸点低于其直链对应物，因为支链结构表面积减小，从而导致分子间的范德华力减弱。alkanes（烷烃）的命名遵循国际纯粹与应用化学联合会（IUPAC）制定的特定规则。烷烃的名称源于一种系统的方法，该方法结合了链中碳原子的数量。例如，前缀“pent-”表示五个碳原子，从而得名戊烷（C5H12）。理解这种命名法对于化学家和学生而言至关重要，因为它在交流这些化合物时提供了清晰性。除了化学意义外，alkanes（烷烃）在环境科学中也很重要。烷烃的燃烧产生二氧化碳（CO2）和水（H2O），并释放能量。然而，这种燃烧也会导致温室气体排放，而这些排放与全球变暖有关。因此，虽然烷烃对能源生产至关重要，但它们对环境的影响需要谨慎考虑和管理。此外，alkanes（烷烃）的研究还延伸到有机合成领域。化学家常常利用烷烃作为各种化学反应的起始材料，从而形成更复杂的有机分子。石油工业采用裂解和重整等技术，将较大的烷烃转化为较小的、更有用的烷烃，从而优化燃料效率和生产。总之，alkanes（烷烃）代表了一类关键的烃类，它们在化学和工业的许多方面都具有重要意义。它们简单的结构、多样的形式和显著的应用凸显了它们的重要性。随着我们继续探索广阔的有机化学世界，理解烷烃将为掌握更复杂的概念和反应奠定坚实的基础。无论是在能源生产、环境考虑还是工业应用的背景下，烷烃仍然是研究和创新的核心焦点。