conditioning
简明释义
n. 调节；条件作用；整修；训练，健身训练
v. 以…为条件（condition的ing形式）
英英释义
单词用法
空调；空气调节 | |
信号调节；信号波形加工 |
同义词
反义词
例句
1.Then there is the six-speed gearbox; cruise control; air-conditioning; alarm and immobiliser.
然后是六速变速箱、巡航控制系统、空调、报警和固定器。
2.Air-conditioning is an absolute necessity in this climate.
这样的气候绝对需要有空调。
3.I wish the air conditioning were on in the library.
我希望图书馆的空调开着。
4.The blasted air-conditioning!
开着混账空调呢！
5.There is no air-conditioning.
厂里没装空调。
6.Is personality the result of conditioning from parents and society, or are we born with it?
个性是受父母和社会熏陶的结果，还是我们生而有之？
7.The thing that I really liked about Rory's experiment is that he not only got that classical conditioning going but the fact that he could get them next just to that specific coloured market.
我很喜欢罗里的实验的一点是，他不仅让经典条件反射得以实施，而且事实是，他还能让它们进入特定的颜色市场。
8.The therapist used cognitive conditioning techniques to help her patients.
治疗师使用认知调适技巧来帮助她的病人。
9.Her mental conditioning helped her cope with stress during exams.
她的心理调适帮助她在考试期间应对压力。
10.The dog underwent behavioral conditioning to learn new commands.
这只狗接受了行为训练以学习新指令。
11.The athlete focused on his physical conditioning to improve his performance.
这位运动员专注于他的身体体能训练以提高表现。
12.He believes that proper conditioning is essential for long-distance running.
他相信适当的体能训练对长跑至关重要。
作文
In the realm of psychology, the term conditioning refers to a learning process in which an individual's behavior is modified through reinforcement or punishment. This concept is fundamental to understanding how behaviors are acquired and maintained over time. There are two primary types of conditioning: classical and operant. Classical conditioning, first studied by Ivan Pavlov, involves associating a neutral stimulus with a significant one, leading to a learned response. For example, Pavlov's famous experiment with dogs demonstrated that they could be trained to salivate at the sound of a bell if it was consistently paired with the presentation of food. This illustrates how conditioning can create automatic responses to certain stimuli.On the other hand, operant conditioning, pioneered by B.F. Skinner, focuses on how consequences shape behavior. In this type of conditioning, behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on the rewards or punishments that follow them. For instance, a child who receives praise for completing their homework is more likely to repeat that behavior in the future, while one who is scolded for misbehaving may learn to avoid such actions. Thus, operant conditioning highlights the importance of external feedback in shaping our actions.The implications of conditioning extend far beyond individual behavior. In educational settings, teachers often utilize principles of conditioning to encourage learning and positive behavior among students. By providing rewards for academic achievement or constructive behavior, educators can foster an environment conducive to learning. Similarly, parents may apply conditioning techniques at home to instill discipline and encourage good habits in their children.Moreover, conditioning plays a significant role in various therapeutic practices. Behavioral therapies often employ conditioning methods to help individuals overcome phobias, anxiety, and other psychological disorders. For example, exposure therapy, which is based on classical conditioning, gradually exposes patients to their fears in a controlled setting, helping them learn to manage their anxiety over time.Despite its many benefits, conditioning also raises ethical considerations. The manipulation of behavior through conditioning techniques can lead to questions about free will and autonomy. Critics argue that excessive reliance on rewards and punishments may undermine intrinsic motivation, leading individuals to act only for external validation rather than personal satisfaction. Therefore, it is crucial to strike a balance when applying conditioning principles in various contexts.In conclusion, conditioning is a powerful concept that influences behavior across multiple domains, from education to therapy. Understanding the mechanisms behind conditioning allows us to harness its potential for positive change while remaining mindful of its ethical implications. As we continue to explore the intricacies of human behavior, the principles of conditioning will undoubtedly remain a central focus in both psychological research and practical applications.
在心理学领域，术语conditioning指的是一种学习过程，其中个体的行为通过强化或惩罚而被修改。这个概念对于理解行为如何被获取和维持至关重要。conditioning主要有两种类型：经典conditioning和操作conditioning。经典conditioning最早由伊万·巴甫洛夫研究，涉及将中性刺激与重要刺激联系起来，从而导致学习反应。例如，巴甫洛夫著名的狗实验表明，如果声音与食物的呈现持续配对，狗可以被训练在听到铃声时流口水。这说明了conditioning如何能对某些刺激产生自动反应。另一方面，操作conditioning是由B.F.斯金纳开创的，侧重于后果如何塑造行为。在这种类型的conditioning中，行为根据随后的奖励或惩罚而被加强或削弱。例如，一个因完成作业而受到表扬的孩子更可能在未来重复该行为，而一个因不当行为而受到责骂的孩子可能学会避免这样的行为。因此，操作conditioning强调外部反馈在塑造我们行为中的重要性。conditioning的影响远远超出了个体行为。在教育环境中，教师经常利用conditioning的原则来鼓励学生的学习和积极行为。通过为学业成就或建设性行为提供奖励，教育者可以营造一个有利于学习的环境。同样，父母也可能在家中应用conditioning技术，以灌输纪律并鼓励孩子养成良好习惯。此外，conditioning在各种治疗实践中也发挥着重要作用。行为疗法通常采用conditioning方法来帮助个人克服恐惧症、焦虑和其他心理障碍。例如，基于经典conditioning的暴露疗法，在受控环境中逐渐让患者接触他们的恐惧，帮助他们随着时间的推移学会管理自己的焦虑。尽管有许多好处，conditioning也引发了伦理考虑。通过conditioning技术操纵行为可能会引发关于自由意志和自主权的问题。批评者认为，过度依赖奖励和惩罚可能会削弱内在动机，使个体仅仅为了外部认可而行动，而不是出于个人满意。因此，在各种背景下应用conditioning原则时，找到平衡是至关重要的。总之，conditioning是一个强大的概念，影响着多个领域的行为，从教育到治疗。理解conditioning背后的机制使我们能够利用其潜力带来积极变化，同时保持对其伦理影响的关注。随着我们继续探索人类行为的复杂性，conditioning的原则无疑将继续成为心理研究和实际应用的核心焦点。
