chromosomes

简明释义

英[ˈkrəʊ.mə.səʊmz]美[ˈkroʊ.mə.soʊmz]

n. [遗][细胞][染料]染色体（chromosome 的复数形式）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.I was born with XY chromosomes, the combination found in boys.

我生下来的时候，染色体为XY，男孩子的染色体才是XY组合。

2.Each species has a different number of chromosomes in their nuclei.

不同的物种在细胞核中有不同的染色体数量。

3.The new technique checks the chromosomes in the polar body.

这项新技术用于检查极体中的染色体是否异常。

4.Is it possible that a pair of chromosomes just got lost in our lineage?

可不可能这对染色体只是在我们人类的族系中丢失的呢？

5.You know that all of a person's genetic information is contained on very long pieces of DNA called Chromosomes.

你知道，一个人所有的遗传信息都包含在一个叫做染色体的长DNA片段上。

6.A. Telomeres are the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes in cells.

端粒就是细胞内的染色体上的一个保护罩。

7.The scientists found that human and chimpanzee X chromosomes are relatively similar.

科学家发现人类的X染色体同黑猩猩的X染色体较为相似。

8.Genetic disorders can occur due to abnormalities in chromosomes (染色体), such as Down syndrome.

由于染色体的异常，例如唐氏综合症，可能会发生遗传疾病。

9.During cell division, chromosomes (染色体) are duplicated and evenly distributed to daughter cells.

在细胞分裂过程中，染色体被复制并均匀分配到子细胞中。

10.Each parent contributes one set of chromosomes (染色体) to their offspring.

每个父母向后代提供一套染色体。

11.Humans have 46 chromosomes (染色体) in each cell, organized into 23 pairs.

人类每个细胞中有46个染色体，分成23对。

12.Scientists study chromosomes (染色体) to understand inheritance patterns in living organisms.

科学家研究染色体以了解生物体中的遗传模式。

作文

Understanding the role of chromosomes in genetics is crucial for anyone interested in biology. Chromosomes are thread-like structures located within the nucleus of animal and plant cells. They are made up of DNA, the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. In humans, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46. Each parent contributes one set of 23, which means that our genetic makeup is a combination of both our mother’s and father’s DNA. This unique combination is what makes each individual distinct.The structure of chromosomes is fascinating. Each chromosome consists of a long strand of DNA that is tightly coiled around proteins called histones. This coiling allows the DNA to fit inside the cell nucleus while still being accessible for transcription and replication. When a cell divides, the chromosomes replicate so that each new cell receives an identical set. This process is vital for growth, development, and repair of tissues.One of the most important aspects of chromosomes is their role in heredity. Traits such as eye color, height, and even susceptibility to certain diseases are influenced by the genes located on these chromosomes. Genes are segments of DNA that encode specific proteins, which in turn determine the characteristics of an organism. When a child is conceived, the combination of genes from both parents results in a unique genetic profile, which is why siblings can look similar yet have distinct differences.Moreover, abnormalities in chromosomes can lead to genetic disorders. For example, Down syndrome is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in a total of 47 chromosomes instead of the usual 46. This condition can lead to various physical and intellectual disabilities. Other disorders, such as Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome, arise from missing or extra chromosomes, demonstrating how sensitive our genetic framework is.In addition to their biological significance, chromosomes also have implications in fields such as medicine and agriculture. In medicine, understanding chromosomes can help in diagnosing genetic conditions and developing targeted therapies. For instance, gene therapy aims to correct defective genes on chromosomes to treat diseases at their source. In agriculture, scientists manipulate chromosomes to enhance crop yield and resistance to pests, ensuring food security for the growing population.In conclusion, chromosomes are fundamental to life, carrying the genetic blueprint that dictates the development and functioning of all living organisms. Their study not only helps us understand the complexities of heredity and evolution but also paves the way for advancements in medicine and biotechnology. As research continues to unveil the mysteries of chromosomes, we are likely to discover even more about the intricate connections between our genes and our health, paving the way for future innovations in genetic science. Understanding chromosomes is indeed a gateway to understanding life itself.

理解染色体在遗传学中的作用对于任何对生物学感兴趣的人来说都是至关重要的。染色体是位于动物和植物细胞核内的线状结构。它们由DNA组成，DNA是携带生命遗传指令的分子。在人类中，有23对染色体，总共46条。每个父母各贡献一组23条，这意味着我们的遗传构成是母亲和父亲DNA的组合。这种独特的组合使每个人都与众不同。染色体的结构令人着迷。每条染色体由一条长长的DNA链组成，紧紧缠绕在称为组蛋白的蛋白质周围。这种缠绕使得DNA能够适应细胞核内部，同时仍然可以在转录和复制时被访问。当细胞分裂时，染色体会复制，以便每个新细胞接收一套相同的染色体。这个过程对生长、发育和组织修复至关重要。染色体的一个重要方面是它们在遗传中的作用。眼睛颜色、身高甚至对某些疾病的易感性等特征都受到这些染色体上基因的影响。基因是编码特定蛋白质的DNA片段，而这些蛋白质反过来又决定了生物体的特征。当一个孩子受孕时，来自父母双方的基因组合导致独特的遗传特征，这就是为什么兄弟姐妹可能看起来相似但又有明显差异的原因。此外，染色体的异常可能导致遗传疾病。例如，唐氏综合症是由于第21号染色体的额外拷贝导致的，使得总数为47条染色体而不是通常的46条。这种情况可能导致各种身体和智力残疾。其他疾病，例如特纳综合症和克莱因费尔特综合症，源于缺失或多余的染色体，这表明我们的遗传框架是多么敏感。除了生物学意义之外，染色体在医学和农业等领域也具有重要意义。在医学中，理解染色体可以帮助诊断遗传疾病并开发靶向治疗。例如，基因治疗旨在纠正染色体上的缺陷基因，从源头治疗疾病。在农业中，科学家操纵染色体以提高作物产量和抗虫害能力，从而确保日益增长的人口的粮食安全。总之，染色体是生命的基础，携带着决定所有生物体发展和功能的遗传蓝图。它们的研究不仅帮助我们理解遗传和进化的复杂性，而且为医学和生物技术的进步铺平了道路。随着研究不断揭示染色体的奥秘，我们可能会发现更多关于我们基因与健康之间复杂联系的知识，为未来的遗传科学创新铺平道路。理解染色体确实是理解生命本身的一个重要途径。