manorialism

简明释义

[/məˈnɔːriəlɪzəm/][/məˈnɔːriəlɪzəm/]

n. 庄园制度

英英释义

Manorialism is a system of rural economy and social organization in medieval Europe, where the lord of a manor exploited the labor of peasants who were bound to the land and provided agricultural produce in exchange for protection and the right to work on the land.

庄园制是中世纪欧洲的一种农村经济和社会组织制度,其中庄园的领主利用被束缚于土地上的农民的劳动,农民提供农业产品以换取保护和在土地上工作的权利。

单词用法

同义词

feudalism

封建制度

The manorialism system was a key component of feudalism in medieval Europe.

庄园制度是中世纪欧洲封建制度的一个关键组成部分。

seigneurialism

领主制

Seigneurialism allowed lords to control land and the peasants working on it.

领主制使领主能够控制土地和在其上工作的农民。

反义词

capitalism

资本主义

In a capitalist economy, private ownership and free markets drive innovation.

在资本主义经济中,私有制和自由市场推动创新。

industrialism

工业主义

Industrialism transformed societies from agrarian economies to manufacturing powerhouses.

工业主义使社会从农业经济转变为制造业强国。

例句

1.Manorialism became the economic system through which most of the population provided for its needs.

彩邑制成为所有人口为它提供需求的经济制度。

2.Manorialism became the economic system through which most of the population provided for its needs.

彩邑制成为所有人口为它提供需求的经济制度。

3.In a manorialism system, the lord provided protection and governance while the serfs worked the land.

庄园制系统中,领主提供保护和治理,而农奴则耕作土地。

4.The feudal system in medieval Europe was characterized by manorialism, which refers to the organization of rural economy and society around a lord's manor.

中世纪欧洲的封建制度以庄园制为特征,这指的是围绕领主的庄园组织的农村经济和社会。

5.The decline of manorialism in the late Middle Ages led to significant social and economic changes in Europe.

在中世纪后期,庄园制的衰退导致了欧洲社会和经济的重大变化。

6.Historians often study manorialism to understand the dynamics of power and land ownership during the medieval period.

历史学家经常研究庄园制以理解中世纪时期权力和土地所有权的动态。

7.Under manorialism, peasants were bound to the land and had to provide labor and goods to their lord.

庄园制下,农民被束缚在土地上,必须向他们的领主提供劳动力和商品。

作文

The concept of manorialism, known in Chinese as 庄园制度, refers to the economic and social system that was prevalent in medieval Europe, particularly during the Middle Ages. This system was characterized by the relationship between the lord of a manor and the peasants who lived on his land. The lord owned the land and had control over it, while the peasants, or serfs, worked the land and provided various services in exchange for protection and a place to live. Understanding manorialism is crucial for grasping the socio-economic structures of feudal societies.At its core, manorialism was a system that allowed lords to maintain power and control over their territories. The manor itself was the basic unit of this system, consisting of the lord's residence, farmland, and the village where the peasants lived. The lords would grant portions of their land to vassals or knights in exchange for military service, thereby creating a hierarchical structure that reinforced their authority. This relationship was mutually beneficial; lords received military support, while vassals gained land and status.Peasants, on the other hand, were bound to the land they worked on. Under the system of manorialism, they were often required to pay rent, give a portion of their harvest to the lord, and perform labor on the lord's fields. In return, the lord provided them with protection from external threats, such as raids or invasions, and ensured that they could sustain their families. This form of economic dependency created a rigid social structure, with little mobility for the lower classes.The decline of manorialism began in the late Middle Ages, largely due to changes in agricultural practices, the rise of towns, and the growing importance of trade. As the economy shifted towards a more market-oriented approach, the strict obligations of peasants began to wane. The Black Death also played a significant role in diminishing the population of Europe, leading to a labor shortage that empowered surviving peasants to negotiate better terms for their work.In modern discussions of history, manorialism is often analyzed alongside feudalism, though they are not synonymous. While feudalism encompasses the broader political and military relationships between lords and vassals, manorialism specifically focuses on the economic aspects of these relationships. Scholars often explore how these systems impacted social hierarchies, land ownership, and the daily lives of people in medieval Europe.Today, the legacy of manorialism can still be seen in various aspects of European culture and land ownership. The historical significance of this system highlights the complexities of social organization and economic dependence in human societies. By studying manorialism, we gain insights into how power dynamics shaped communities and influenced the trajectory of European history.In conclusion, manorialism is a vital concept in understanding the medieval period's socio-economic landscape. The intricate relationships between lords and peasants under this system reveal much about the nature of power, land use, and social stratification. As we reflect on the past, it becomes evident that the remnants of manorialism continue to inform our understanding of contemporary social structures and economic systems.

概念“manorialism”在中文中称为庄园制度,指的是中世纪欧洲,尤其是中世纪时期盛行的经济和社会制度。该制度的特点是领主与居住在其土地上的农民之间的关系。领主拥有土地并对其进行控制,而农民或农奴则在土地上工作,并以此换取保护和居住的地方。理解manorialism对于掌握封建社会的社会经济结构至关重要。在其核心,manorialism是一个允许领主维持对其领土的权力和控制的系统。庄园本身是这一制度的基本单位,包括领主的住所、农田和农民居住的村庄。领主会将部分土地授予附庸或骑士,以换取军事服务,从而创建一个强化其权威的等级结构。这种关系是互利的;领主获得军事支持,而附庸获得土地和地位。另一方面,农民被束缚在他们所耕作的土地上。在manorialism制度下,他们通常需要支付租金,将一部分收成交给领主,并在领主的田地上劳动。作为回报,领主为他们提供来自外部威胁(如袭击或入侵)的保护,并确保他们能够养活家人。这种经济依赖关系创造了一个僵化的社会结构,底层阶级几乎没有流动性。manorialism的衰退始于中世纪晚期,这主要是由于农业实践的变化、城镇的兴起以及贸易的重要性增加。随着经济向更市场导向的方式转变,农民的严格义务开始减弱。黑死病也在很大程度上导致了欧洲人口的减少,从而造成劳动力短缺,使幸存的农民能够谈判更好的工作条件。在现代历史讨论中,manorialism常常与封建主义一起分析,尽管它们并不完全相同。虽然封建主义涵盖了领主与附庸之间更广泛的政治和军事关系,但manorialism则专注于这些关系的经济方面。学者们常常探讨这些系统如何影响社会等级、土地所有权和中世纪欧洲人民的日常生活。如今,manorialism的遗产仍然可以在欧洲文化和土地所有权的各个方面看到。这一制度的历史意义突显了社会组织和经济依赖的复杂性。通过研究manorialism,我们获得了对权力动态如何塑造社区和影响欧洲历史轨迹的深刻见解。总之,manorialism是理解中世纪时期社会经济格局的重要概念。领主与农民之间在这一制度下的复杂关系揭示了权力、土地使用和社会分层的本质。当我们反思过去时,显而易见的是,manorialism的遗迹继续影响我们对当代社会结构和经济系统的理解。