tachyphylaxis

简明释义

英[ˌtækɪfɪˈlæksɪs]美[ˌtakəfɪˈlæksɪs]

n. （因接续服用同一种药物而产生的）快速抗药反应；[免疫] 急速免疫法

复 数 t a c h y p h y l a x e s

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.To manage tachyphylaxis, doctors may need to adjust the dosage or switch medications.

为了应对耐药性，医生可能需要调整剂量或更换药物。

2.Patients on long-term opioid therapy may develop tachyphylaxis, requiring higher doses for the same effect.

长期使用阿片类药物的患者可能会发展出耐药性，需要更高的剂量才能达到相同的效果。

3.The rapid onset of tachyphylaxis can complicate treatment plans for chronic pain management.

迅速出现的耐药性可能会使慢性疼痛管理的治疗计划变得复杂。

4.The phenomenon of tachyphylaxis is often observed in patients receiving continuous infusion of certain vasodilators.

在接受某些血管扩张剂的持续输注的患者中，通常会观察到耐药性现象。

5.After repeated doses of the medication, the patient experienced tachyphylaxis, meaning the drug's effectiveness decreased rapidly.

在重复用药后，患者经历了耐药性，这意味着药物的有效性迅速下降。

作文

In the field of pharmacology, understanding various terms is crucial for both healthcare professionals and patients. One such term that often arises in discussions about drug efficacy and tolerance is tachyphylaxis. This term refers to a rapid decrease in the response to a drug after its administration, which can lead to a reduced therapeutic effect over time. When a medication is taken repeatedly, the body may become less responsive to it, necessitating higher doses for the same effect or prompting the need for alternative treatments.

To illustrate this concept, consider a patient who is prescribed a nitroglycerin patch for angina pectoris. Initially, the patch provides significant relief from chest pain. However, as days pass, the effectiveness of the patch diminishes due to tachyphylaxis, meaning that the patient may experience a resurgence of symptoms even while using the medication. This phenomenon highlights the importance of monitoring patients and adjusting their treatment plans accordingly.

The mechanisms behind tachyphylaxis can vary depending on the drug and the individual. In some cases, it may involve receptor desensitization, where the receptors that the drug targets become less sensitive to its effects. Other factors such as changes in drug metabolism, alterations in the pharmacokinetics, or physiological adaptations can also contribute to this rapid decrease in drug efficacy.

Understanding tachyphylaxis is essential not only for clinicians but also for patients who may be taking medications long-term. Patients should be educated about the possibility of developing a tolerance to certain drugs and the signs that may indicate a diminishing effect. This knowledge empowers patients to communicate effectively with their healthcare providers and make informed decisions about their treatment options.

Moreover, tachyphylaxis is not limited to prescription medications; it can also occur with over-the-counter drugs and even with natural supplements. For example, individuals who frequently use decongestant nasal sprays may find that their congestion returns quickly after initial relief, leading them to use the spray more frequently. This cycle can result in a dependency on the spray, further complicating their condition.

In conclusion, tachyphylaxis is a significant concept in pharmacology that describes the rapid decrease in drug responsiveness. Awareness and understanding of this phenomenon are vital for effective patient care and medication management. As the medical community continues to advance in the understanding of drug interactions and patient responses, recognizing the implications of tachyphylaxis will be key in optimizing treatment outcomes and enhancing patient safety.

在药理学领域，理解各种术语对医疗专业人员和患者至关重要。其中一个经常出现在关于药物疗效和耐受性讨论中的术语是速效耐药。这个术语指的是在给药后，药物反应快速下降，这可能导致随着时间推移治疗效果降低。当药物被重复使用时，身体可能对其反应减弱，从而需要更高的剂量才能获得相同的效果，或者促使需要替代治疗。

为了说明这一概念，考虑一个被开处方使用硝酸甘油贴片来缓解心绞痛的患者。最初，贴片能显著缓解胸痛。然而，随着时间的推移，由于速效耐药，贴片的效果减弱，这意味着患者即使在使用药物时也可能会重新出现症状。这一现象突显了监测患者和相应调整治疗方案的重要性。

造成速效耐药的机制可能因药物和个体而异。在某些情况下，这可能涉及受体的脱敏，即药物靶向的受体对其效果变得不那么敏感。其他因素如药物代谢的变化、药物动力学的改变或生理适应也可能导致这种快速的药效下降。

理解速效耐药不仅对临床医生至关重要，也对可能长期服用药物的患者至关重要。患者应被教育到某些药物可能会产生耐药性的可能性以及可能表明效果减弱的迹象。这种知识使患者能够有效地与医疗提供者沟通，并对其治疗选项做出明智的决定。

此外，速效耐药并不限于处方药；它也可能发生在非处方药甚至天然补充剂中。例如，频繁使用减充血鼻喷雾剂的人可能会发现，他们在最初得到缓解后，充血很快就会恢复，这使他们更频繁地使用喷雾。这种循环可能导致对喷雾的依赖，进一步使他们的病情复杂化。

总之，速效耐药是药理学中一个重要的概念，描述了药物反应的快速下降。对这一现象的认识和理解对于有效的患者护理和药物管理至关重要。随着医学界在药物相互作用和患者反应理解方面的不断进步，认识到速效耐药的影响将是优化治疗结果和增强患者安全的关键。