nucleosomes

简明释义

英[ˈnjuːklɪəˌsəʊmz]美[ˈnjʊklioʊˌsoʊmz]

n. [细胞][生化]核小体（nucleosome 的复数）

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.In this work, we studied in more detail the positions of individual nucleosomes on the inducibleGAL–CYC promoter of NPTII in the repressed andinduced states and estimated the actual nucleosomeshift.

在这项工作中，我们更详细研究的定位个别核筹措的诱导 半乳糖苷酶，公益少年团的推动者NPTII在压制和 引起国家和估计实际核 转移。

2.But the interesting question will be whether their dynamics change with methylation-whether individual nucleosomes may have a higher propensity to unfold, to unravel slightly or just to be remodeled.

但是有趣的问题是它们是否随着甲基化发生动态变化——个体核小体是否有会有更大的倾向来解开，拆开染色质，还是仅仅被改型。

3.Luger and her colleagues next packaged the modified histones they received from Shokat's group into recombinant nucleosomes and chromatin.

Luger和他的同事随即包装了从Shokat小组得来的修饰过的组蛋白，形成核小体和染色质的重组体。

4.The researchers began their work with the goal of learning how two different methylation marks affect the overall structure of nucleosomes and chromatin.

研究人员怀着了解两种不同的甲基化标记怎样影响核小体和染色质结构的目的开始工作。

5.With this new set of tools, Luger and her colleagues did X-ray crystallographic and biophysical studies to see how methylation affects the structure of chromatin and nucleosomes.

利用这种新型工具，Luger和他的同事进行了X射线晶体学和生物物理学研究，来看甲基化怎样影响染色质和核小体结构。

6.Nucleosomes are grape-like structures formed by strands of DNA wrapped like vines around histone proteins, and serve to organize enormously long DNA molecules.

核小体有着葡萄状结构，由葡萄藤样的DNA链环绕组蛋白所形成，其作用是组织极长的DNA分子。

7.But the interesting question will be whether their dynamics change with methylation-whether individual nucleosomes may have a higher propensity to unfold, to unravel slightly or just to be remodeled.

但是有趣的问题是它们是否随着甲基化发生动态变化——个体核小体是否有会有更大的倾向来解开，拆开染色质，还是仅仅被改型。

8.Nucleosomes; Lung cancer; Chemotherapy; Prediction; Monitoring.

核小体；肺癌；化疗；预测；监测。

9.Solenoid --- A fiber composed of compacted strings of nucleosomes, forming the fundamental unit of chromatin organization.

核小体串珠压缩整合而成的一种纤维结构，形成染色质结构的功能单位。

10.During DNA replication, nucleosomes need to be repositioned to allow access to the DNA strands.

在DNA复制过程中，核小体需要重新定位以允许访问DNA链。

11.Histones are the proteins around which nucleosomes are formed.

组蛋白是形成核小体的蛋白质。

12.The structure of nucleosomes plays a crucial role in the packaging of DNA within the cell nucleus.

结构中的核小体在细胞核内DNA的包装中起着至关重要的作用。

13.In eukaryotic cells, nucleosomes serve as the basic unit of chromatin structure.

在真核细胞中，核小体是染色质结构的基本单位。

14.The interaction between DNA and nucleosomes is fundamental to gene regulation.

DNA与核小体之间的相互作用对基因调控至关重要。

作文

In the study of molecular biology, understanding the structure and function of DNA is crucial. One of the fundamental components of DNA packaging in eukaryotic cells is the nucleosomes, which play a significant role in organizing and regulating genetic material. A nucleosome consists of a segment of DNA wrapped around a core of histone proteins. This structure not only helps to condense the DNA into a manageable form but also plays a vital role in gene expression and regulation. The formation of nucleosomes allows for the efficient storage of DNA within the cell nucleus. In humans, for instance, if the DNA from all the cells in the body were stretched out, it would measure about two meters in length. However, due to the presence of nucleosomes, this long strand of DNA is compacted into a structure that fits within the microscopic confines of the nucleus. Each nucleosome is made up of approximately 147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around an octamer of histone proteins, creating a bead-like appearance along the DNA strand.Beyond their structural role, nucleosomes are also dynamic entities that can influence gene expression. The positioning of nucleosomes along the DNA can either facilitate or hinder the access of transcription factors and other regulatory proteins to specific genes. This means that the arrangement and modification of nucleosomes are critical for the regulation of genes. For example, when certain chemical groups are added to the histones, it can lead to a more open or closed chromatin structure, thereby affecting whether a gene is active or silent.Moreover, nucleosomes are involved in several cellular processes, including DNA replication and repair. During DNA replication, the nucleosomes must be disassembled and reassembled to ensure that the newly synthesized DNA is properly packaged. This intricate process highlights the importance of nucleosomes in maintaining genomic integrity.Research into nucleosomes has advanced significantly over the past few decades, revealing their complex roles in health and disease. Abnormalities in nucleosome structure or function can lead to various diseases, including cancer. Understanding how nucleosomes work can provide insights into potential therapeutic approaches for these conditions.In conclusion, nucleosomes are essential for the organization, regulation, and expression of genetic material in eukaryotic cells. Their role in DNA packaging allows for the efficient storage of genetic information while also playing a crucial part in gene regulation and cellular processes. As research continues to uncover the intricacies of nucleosomes, it becomes increasingly clear that they are not just passive structures but active participants in the life of the cell.

在分子生物学的研究中，理解DNA的结构和功能至关重要。真核细胞中DNA包装的基本组成部分之一是核小体，它在组织和调控遗传材料方面发挥着重要作用。核小体由一段缠绕在组蛋白核心周围的DNA组成。这一结构不仅有助于将DNA压缩成可管理的形式，而且在基因表达和调控中也起着至关重要的作用。核小体的形成使得DNA在细胞核内的有效存储成为可能。例如，在人类中，如果身体中所有细胞的DNA被拉伸出来，它的长度大约为两米。然而，由于存在核小体，这条长长的DNA链被压缩成适合微观细胞核的结构。每个核小体由约147对碱基的DNA缠绕在一个八聚体的组蛋白周围，沿着DNA链形成珠状外观。除了结构作用外，核小体也是动态实体，可以影响基因表达。核小体在DNA上的位置可以促进或阻碍转录因子和其他调节蛋白对特定基因的接触。这意味着核小体的排列和修饰对基因的调控至关重要。例如，当某些化学基团添加到组蛋白上时，可能导致更开放或更封闭的染色质结构，从而影响基因是活跃还是沉默。此外，核小体还参与多个细胞过程，包括DNA复制和修复。在DNA复制过程中，必须拆解和重新组装核小体以确保新合成的DNA得到正确包装。这一复杂过程突显了核小体在维持基因组完整性方面的重要性。对核小体的研究在过去几十年中取得了重大进展，揭示了其在健康和疾病中的复杂作用。核小体的结构或功能异常可能导致各种疾病，包括癌症。理解核小体的工作原理可以为这些疾病提供潜在的治疗方法。总之，核小体对真核细胞中遗传材料的组织、调控和表达至关重要。它们在DNA包装中的作用使得遗传信息的有效存储成为可能，同时在基因调控和细胞过程中也发挥着关键作用。随着研究不断揭示核小体的复杂性，越来越清楚的是，它们不仅仅是被动结构，而是细胞生命中的积极参与者。