alienist

简明释义

英[ˈeɪliənɪst]美[ˈeɪliənɪst]

n. 精神病医生；精神病学家

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The court appointed an alienist to assess the defendant's mental state.

法庭指定了一位精神病专家来评估被告的心理状态。

2.The defense lawyer consulted with an alienist to prepare for the insanity plea.

辩护律师咨询了一位精神病专家以准备精神失常的辩护。

3.An alienist's evaluation can be crucial in cases involving mental illness.

在涉及心理疾病的案件中，精神病专家的评估可能至关重要。

4.The alienist diagnosed the patient with a severe personality disorder.

这位精神病专家诊断出患者患有严重的人格障碍。

5.During the trial, the alienist provided expert testimony on the effects of trauma.

在审判过程中，精神病专家提供了关于创伤影响的专家证词。

作文

The concept of mental health has evolved significantly over the years, and with it, the roles of various professionals in the field. One such role that has become less common in modern terminology is that of the alienist, a term used in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to refer to a psychiatrist or psychologist specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. The word itself derives from the Latin root 'alienus,' meaning 'strange' or 'foreign,' which reflects how society once viewed mental illness as something alien to rational thought and normal behavior.In the past, an alienist was often called upon to assess individuals who exhibited behaviors that deviated from societal norms. Their expertise was crucial during times when mental health was poorly understood, and stigma surrounded those who suffered from mental illnesses. The work of an alienist involved not only diagnosing conditions but also advocating for humane treatment of patients in asylums and mental health facilities, which were often overcrowded and poorly managed.One of the most significant contributions of alienists was their involvement in legal cases. They provided expert testimony regarding the mental state of defendants, which could influence the outcomes of trials. The idea of criminal responsibility began to shift as alienists argued that individuals with severe mental disorders should not be held fully accountable for their actions. This intersection of law and mental health paved the way for contemporary discussions about insanity defenses and the rights of mentally ill individuals within the justice system.Furthermore, the work of alienists laid the groundwork for modern psychiatry and psychology. They were pioneers in exploring the complexities of the human mind, often conducting groundbreaking research on topics such as neuroses, psychoses, and the effects of trauma. Their findings contributed to the development of therapeutic techniques and the establishment of mental health as a vital aspect of overall well-being.However, the term alienist gradually fell out of favor as the field advanced and more inclusive language emerged. Today, we refer to these professionals as psychiatrists, psychologists, or mental health counselors. This evolution reflects a broader understanding of mental health and a shift towards viewing individuals with mental illnesses as deserving of compassion and support rather than as 'aliens' to society.In conclusion, while the term alienist may seem archaic today, it represents a crucial chapter in the history of mental health. The efforts of early alienists to understand and treat mental illness have paved the way for the compassionate and evidence-based practices we see in mental health care today. As we continue to advance our understanding of mental health, it is essential to recognize the contributions of those who came before us and to strive for a future where mental health is prioritized and stigma is eradicated.

心理健康的概念随着时间的推移发生了显著变化，随之而来的是该领域各种专业人员角色的变化。其中一个在现代术语中变得不太常见的角色是alienist，这个词在19世纪末和20世纪初用于指代专门诊断和治疗心理障碍的精神科医生或心理学家。这个词本身源于拉丁语根“alienus”，意思是“陌生的”或“外来的”，这反映了社会曾经如何将精神疾病视为与理性思维和正常行为相悖的东西。在过去，当个体表现出偏离社会规范的行为时，alienist通常会被召来进行评估。他们的专业知识在精神健康尚未被充分理解且围绕精神疾病患者存在污名的时代至关重要。alienist的工作不仅涉及诊断疾病，还包括倡导为患者提供人道的治疗，而这些患者通常被安置在过度拥挤且管理不善的精神病院和心理健康机构中。alienist最重要的贡献之一是他们参与法律案件的工作。他们提供有关被告心理状态的专家证词，这可能会影响审判的结果。随着alienist的论证，严重精神障碍的个体不应对其行为完全负责，这一观点使得刑事责任的理念开始发生转变。这种法律与心理健康的交集为当代关于精神失常辩护和精神病患者在司法系统中权利的讨论铺平了道路。此外，alienist的工作为现代精神病学和心理学奠定了基础。他们是探索人类心理复杂性的先驱，常常在神经症、精神病和创伤影响等主题上进行开创性的研究。他们的发现为治疗技术的发展和将心理健康确立为整体健康的重要组成部分做出了贡献。然而，随着这一领域的发展，alienist这个术语逐渐被淘汰，取而代之的是更具包容性的语言。今天，我们称这些专业人士为精神科医生、心理学家或心理健康顾问。这一演变反映了对心理健康的更广泛理解，以及将精神疾病患者视为值得同情和支持的人，而不是社会的“外星人”的转变。总之，尽管alienist这个术语在今天看来可能显得过时，但它代表了心理健康历史中的一个重要篇章。早期alienist在理解和治疗精神疾病方面所做的努力为我们今天所看到的富有同情心和基于证据的心理健康护理实践铺平了道路。随着我们继续推进对心理健康的理解，承认那些在我们之前所做贡献的人的重要性，并努力实现心理健康优先和消除污名的未来，是至关重要的。