backcross

简明释义

英[ˈbækˌkrɒs]美[ˈbækˌkrɔːs]

v. 使（杂种）回交（或逆代杂交）

n. 回交；逆代杂交；回交子代

复 数 b a c k c r o s s e s

第 三 人 称 单 数 b a c k c r o s s e s

现 在 分 词 b a c k c r o s s i n g

过 去 式 b a c k c r o s s e d

过 去 分 词 b a c k c r o s s e d

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The variance component of cross and backcross generations of quantitative character controlled by multigenes is studied on condition of chromosome translocation.

研究了染色体易位情况下，多基因控制的数量性状杂交及回交世代的方差组成。

2.The results were verified by backcross inheritance experiment.

上述结果通过回交试验得到进一步验证。

3.Their F_2 is backcrossed with 7902- 4, and F_2 of this backcross is backcrossed again with 40354, and then selected by using the modified pedigree and bulk selection procedure.

回交亲本为7902-4和40354。杂种第二代用7902-4进行回交，回交第二代用40354再次回交，之后用改良系谱混合选择法进行选育。

4.The method using in vitro irradiation seems to be more effective than conventional irradiation, tissue culture or backcross for improving a few characters in a variety.

因此，对于品种个别性状的改造，离体辐照可能比其它方法更有效。

5.Two molecular methods were employed to successfully disclosed characters of the single hybrid zone: (1) this hybrid zone was composed of parental species, F1s, F2s and backcross derivatives;

我们通过分子测序和分子标记两种方法，揭示了该杂交区的性质：（1）该杂交区的构成是由亲本、F1代、F2代及回交后代组成；

6.Doing foreground selection of BC_1F_1 with polymorphic locus, 161 donor segment were detected, and doing background selection and backcross for plants containing donor segment.

利用所筛选的多态性标记对BC_1F_1群体进行前景检测，检测到161个供体片段，并对含有供体片段的单株进行背景选择和回交。

7.No significant differences in studied traits was obssrved among the groups with various genes, controlling erucic acid content(EAC)in the backcross generation.

回交世代不同芥酸含量的各组在产量和大多数其他性状上没有明显差异。

8.Seventeen selected AFLP primer combinations produced 1106 peaks, of which 384 (34.7%) were polymorphic in a backcross family.

共得到1106个AFLP位点，其中有384个位点在亲本间有多态性，占总位点的34.7%。

9.The recombination rate of the target traits was higher in backcross generations than in the other segregation generations.

总粒数与其它性状相关不显著。目标性状的重组率以回交后代为高。

10.The geneticist explained how a backcross 回交 can help in stabilizing desired traits in a population.

遗传学家解释了如何通过回交来帮助稳定种群中的期望特征。

11.The process of backcrossing 回交 allows breeders to refine the genetics of their crops over several generations.

通过回交的过程，育种者可以在几代中精炼作物的遗传特性。

12.After the initial cross, the team conducted a backcross 回交 to enhance the disease resistance of the new variety.

初次交配后，团队进行了回交以增强新变种的抗病能力。

13.To improve the traits of the hybrid plant, the researchers decided to perform a backcross 回交 with the original parent.

为了改善杂交植物的特性，研究人员决定与原始亲本进行一次回交。

14.In animal breeding, a backcross 回交 is often used to introduce specific characteristics from a parent breed.

在动物育种中，通常使用回交来引入来自亲本品种的特定特征。

作文

In the field of genetics, the term backcross refers to a breeding technique where an offspring is crossed with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent. This method is often employed to achieve specific traits in plants and animals. By utilizing backcross techniques, breeders can enhance desirable characteristics such as disease resistance, yield, and adaptability to environmental conditions. For instance, consider a scenario where a plant breeder develops a new hybrid variety of corn that exhibits excellent drought resistance. However, this hybrid may lack certain flavors or nutritional values that are present in one of its parent strains. To address this issue, the breeder might use the backcross method by crossing the hybrid with the parent strain that possesses the desired flavor and nutrition. The goal of this process is to introduce those specific traits back into the hybrid while maintaining its drought-resistant qualities. The backcross process typically involves several generations of breeding. After the initial cross, the breeder will select the offspring that display the desired traits and then perform another cross with the parent. This cycle can continue for multiple generations, allowing for the refinement of the characteristics being targeted. It is a powerful tool in both agricultural and animal breeding practices, as it helps to stabilize certain traits within a population. Moreover, the application of backcross techniques is not limited to traditional breeding. In modern genetics, particularly with the advent of genetic engineering, scientists can also utilize backcross to incorporate specific genes into organisms. For example, researchers might want to introduce a gene responsible for pest resistance into a crop. They could create a genetically modified organism (GMO) and then use backcross to transfer this gene into a more traditional crop variety that is already well-adapted to local growing conditions. Despite its advantages, the use of backcross also raises ethical and ecological concerns. Critics argue that the focus on specific traits can lead to a reduction in genetic diversity, making populations more susceptible to diseases or environmental changes. Additionally, the implications of introducing genetically modified traits into natural populations are still a topic of debate among scientists, policymakers, and the public. In conclusion, the concept of backcross is fundamental in the realm of genetics and breeding. It serves as a bridge between traditional practices and modern innovations, offering a method for enhancing desired traits while addressing challenges in agriculture and animal husbandry. As we continue to explore the complexities of genetics, understanding the role of backcross will be crucial in shaping the future of food production and biodiversity conservation.

在遗传学领域，术语backcross指的是一种繁殖技术，其中后代与其父母之一或与其父母基因相似的个体交配。这种方法通常用于实现植物和动物的特定性状。通过利用backcross技术，育种者可以增强诸如抗病性、产量和适应环境条件等理想特征。例如，考虑一个植物育种者开发出一种新的杂交玉米品种，该品种表现出优良的抗旱性。然而，这种杂交品种可能缺乏其父母品种中存在的某些风味或营养价值。为了解决这个问题，育种者可能会使用backcross方法，通过将杂交品种与具有所需风味和营养的亲本品种交叉来引入这些特定的性状。这个过程的目标是在保持其抗旱特性的同时，将这些特征重新引入杂交品种。backcross过程通常涉及多个世代的繁殖。在初次交配之后，育种者将选择表现出所需特征的后代，然后再与亲本进行交配。这个循环可以持续多个世代，使得针对特定性状的精细化成为可能。这是一种在农业和动物繁殖实践中强有力的工具，因为它有助于稳定种群中的某些性状。此外，backcross技术的应用不仅限于传统育种。在现代遗传学中，特别是随着基因工程的出现，科学家们也可以利用backcross将特定基因引入生物体。例如，研究人员可能希望将负责抗虫害的基因引入作物。他们可以创建一个转基因生物（GMO），然后使用backcross将该基因转移到一种已经适应当地生长条件的传统作物品种中。尽管有其优势，使用backcross也引发了伦理和生态方面的担忧。批评者认为，专注于特定性状可能导致遗传多样性的减少，使种群对疾病或环境变化更易感。此外，将转基因特征引入自然种群的影响仍然是科学家、政策制定者和公众之间辩论的话题。总之，backcross的概念在遗传学和育种领域是基础性的。它作为传统实践与现代创新之间的桥梁，提供了一种增强所需特征的方法，同时应对农业和动物饲养中的挑战。随着我们继续探索遗传学的复杂性，理解backcross的作用将对塑造食品生产和生物多样性保护的未来至关重要。