ubiquitin

简明释义

英[/juˈbɪkwɪtɪn/]美[/juˈbɪkwɪtɪn/]

n. 泛激素，泛素

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Protein domain analysis showed that ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme genes mainly consist of a big ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme catalytic domain.

蛋白结构域分析表明，水稻泛素结合酶基因主要由一个泛素结合酶催化结构域组成。

2.Please add different types of ubiquitin.

请添加不同类型的泛应素。

3.Previous studies showed that there are 48 predicted ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme genes in rice genome.

已有的研究表明，水稻基因组数据库中存在48个预测的泛素结合酶基因。

4.Ubiquitin system, a new protein degradation pathway, is regarded as the important one for proteolysis of skeletal muscle.

泛素系统是近年来新发现的蛋白降解途径，目前研究认为该系统在骨骼肌蛋白高分解代谢中有重要作用。

5.Components in charge of this process include ubiquitin, its startup enzymes, and proteasome system.

负责执行这个调控过程的组成成分包括泛素及其启动酶系统和蛋白酶体系统。

6.The intracellular localization of HSP70 was consistent with that of ubiquitin.

Hsp70和泛素在细胞中的分布部位一致。

7.AIM: to investigate effects of ubiquitin-proteasome inhibitor on proliferation and apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells.

目的：研究泛素蛋白酶体抑制剂对胃癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。

8.The highly conserved ubiquitin polypeptide is processed by a cascade of enzymes and becomes ligated to lysine residues of substrate proteins.

高度保守的泛素多肽由一系列酶的作用产生并且和基质蛋白的溶解残余物相配。

9.Inhibition of ubiquitin 泛素 pathways has been linked to cancer progression.

抑制 ubiquitin 泛素 通路与癌症进展有关。

10.Researchers found that the protein levels of ubiquitin 泛素 are crucial for cell cycle regulation.

研究人员发现，ubiquitin 泛素 的蛋白质水平对细胞周期调控至关重要。

11.The role of ubiquitin 泛素 in targeting proteins for degradation is a key concept in molecular biology.

ubiquitin 泛素 在靶向蛋白质降解中的作用是分子生物学中的一个关键概念。

12.The discovery of ubiquitin 泛素 tags has revolutionized our understanding of protein turnover.

对 ubiquitin 泛素 标签的发现彻底改变了我们对蛋白质周转的理解。

13.Scientists are studying how ubiquitin 泛素 modifications affect protein interactions.

科学家们正在研究 ubiquitin 泛素 修饰如何影响蛋白质相互作用。

作文

Ubiquitin is a small protein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of various cellular processes. It was first discovered in the 1970s and has since been recognized as a vital component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is responsible for degrading and recycling proteins within cells. The name ubiquitin comes from the word 'ubiquitous', reflecting its presence in almost all living organisms. This small protein can be found in bacteria, plants, and animals, highlighting its fundamental importance in biology.The primary function of ubiquitin is to tag proteins that are destined for degradation. This tagging process involves the attachment of one or more molecules of ubiquitin to the target protein, a process known as ubiquitination. Once a protein is tagged with ubiquitin, it is recognized by the proteasome, a large protein complex that degrades and recycles damaged or unneeded proteins. This process is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating various cellular functions, including cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and responses to stress.In addition to its role in protein degradation, ubiquitin also participates in several other cellular processes. For example, it is involved in the regulation of signal transduction pathways, which are critical for cell communication and response to external stimuli. Ubiquitination can influence the activity of signaling proteins, thereby affecting cellular responses to hormones, growth factors, and other signals.Moreover, ubiquitin has been implicated in the regulation of gene expression. Certain transcription factors can be modified by ubiquitin, which affects their stability and activity, ultimately influencing gene transcription. This demonstrates how ubiquitin serves as a regulatory mechanism beyond just protein degradation, impacting various aspects of cell biology.The study of ubiquitin and its pathways has significant implications for understanding various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune diseases. For instance, abnormal ubiquitination patterns have been linked to the development of certain cancers, where the degradation of tumor suppressor proteins is impaired. Similarly, in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, the accumulation of misfolded proteins is often associated with dysfunctional ubiquitin pathways.Researchers are actively exploring therapeutic strategies that target the ubiquitin-proteasome system. By manipulating ubiquitin pathways, scientists hope to develop treatments that can restore normal protein degradation processes in diseases characterized by protein accumulation. This area of research holds great promise for advancing our understanding of cellular regulation and developing novel therapies for various diseases.In conclusion, ubiquitin is a fundamental protein that plays a multifaceted role in cellular processes. Its involvement in protein degradation, signal transduction, and gene regulation underscores its importance in maintaining cellular health. As research continues to unveil the complexities of ubiquitin and its pathways, it is likely that we will gain deeper insights into its role in health and disease, paving the way for innovative therapeutic approaches. Understanding ubiquitin not only enhances our knowledge of cellular biology but also opens new avenues for addressing some of the most challenging medical conditions of our time.

泛素是一个小蛋白，扮演着调节各种细胞过程的重要角色。它在1970年代首次被发现，此后被认为是泛素-蛋白酶体系统（UPS）的重要组成部分，该系统负责细胞内蛋白质的降解和回收。ubiquitin这个名字源于“无处不在”这个词，反映了它几乎存在于所有生物体中的特性。这种小蛋白可以在细菌、植物和动物中找到，突显了它在生物学中的基本重要性。ubiquitin的主要功能是标记那些注定要被降解的蛋白质。这个标记过程涉及将一个或多个ubiquitin分子附加到目标蛋白上，这一过程称为泛素化。一旦蛋白质被标记为ubiquitin，它就会被蛋白酶体识别，蛋白酶体是一个大型蛋白复合体，负责降解和回收损坏或不需要的蛋白质。这个过程对于维持细胞稳态和调节各种细胞功能至关重要，包括细胞周期进程、DNA修复和应对压力。除了在蛋白质降解中的作用外，ubiquitin还参与了其他几种细胞过程。例如，它涉及信号转导途径的调节，这对于细胞通信和对外部刺激的响应至关重要。泛素化可以影响信号蛋白的活性，从而影响细胞对激素、生长因子和其他信号的反应。此外，ubiquitin还与基因表达的调节有关。某些转录因子可以被ubiquitin修饰，这影响了它们的稳定性和活性，最终影响基因转录。这表明ubiquitin作为一种调节机制，超越了单纯的蛋白质降解，影响细胞生物学的各个方面。对ubiquitin及其途径的研究对理解各种疾病具有重要意义，包括癌症、神经退行性疾病和自身免疫疾病。例如，异常的泛素化模式与某些癌症的发展有关，在这些癌症中，肿瘤抑制蛋白的降解受到损害。同样，在阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病中，错误折叠蛋白的积累通常与功能失调的ubiquitin途径相关。研究人员正在积极探索针对泛素-蛋白酶体系统的治疗策略。通过操纵ubiquitin途径，科学家希望开发能够恢复在蛋白质积累疾病中正常蛋白质降解过程的治疗方法。这一研究领域为推进我们对细胞调节的理解和开发各种疾病的新疗法提供了巨大的前景。总之，ubiquitin是一个基本的蛋白质，在细胞过程中扮演着多面的角色。它参与蛋白质降解、信号转导和基因调节，强调了它在维持细胞健康中的重要性。随着研究不断揭示ubiquitin及其途径的复杂性，我们可能会更深入地了解其在健康和疾病中的作用，为创新治疗方法铺平道路。理解ubiquitin不仅增强了我们对细胞生物学的知识，而且为解决我们时代一些最具挑战性的医学问题开辟了新的途径。