brittle temperature

简明释义

脆化温度;

英英释义

例句

1.The material failed when the temperature dropped below its brittle temperature, which is defined as the point where it becomes fragile.

当温度降到其脆性温度以下时，材料发生了失效，这被定义为它变得脆弱的点。

2.In cold climates, the brittle temperature of certain plastics can lead to unexpected breakage.

在寒冷气候中，某些塑料的脆性温度可能导致意外断裂。

3.Engineers must ensure that the components do not operate below their brittle temperature to avoid catastrophic failures.

工程师必须确保组件在其脆性温度以下不工作，以避免灾难性的故障。

4.Understanding the brittle temperature is crucial for applications in aerospace engineering.

理解脆性温度对于航空航天工程中的应用至关重要。

5.The brittle temperature of the alloy was determined through rigorous testing in a controlled environment.

该合金的脆性温度是在受控环境中通过严格测试确定的。

作文

In the field of materials science, understanding the properties of different materials is crucial for their application in various industries. One important property that engineers and scientists must consider is the concept of brittle temperature, which refers to the temperature below which a material becomes brittle and may fracture easily under stress. This phenomenon is particularly significant in metals and polymers, as it can influence their performance and durability in real-world applications.When a material is above its brittle temperature (脆性温度), it typically exhibits ductile behavior, allowing it to deform without breaking. For instance, steel is known to be ductile at room temperature, making it suitable for construction and structural applications. However, if the temperature drops below the brittle temperature, the same steel can become brittle, leading to catastrophic failures in structures such as bridges or buildings during cold weather.The brittle temperature is not a fixed value; it can vary depending on several factors, including the composition of the material, the presence of impurities, and the rate of loading. For example, certain alloys may have a higher brittle temperature than their pure metal counterparts due to the addition of other elements that enhance toughness. Understanding these variations is essential for engineers when selecting materials for specific environments.In polymers, the brittle temperature is equally critical. Many polymers are designed to operate within specific temperature ranges. When exposed to temperatures below their brittle temperature, polymers can lose their flexibility and become rigid, which may lead to cracking or breaking under mechanical stress. This is particularly important in applications such as automotive parts, where components must withstand a range of temperatures without losing integrity.To determine the brittle temperature of a material, various testing methods can be employed. One common method is the Charpy impact test, where a notched sample is struck with a pendulum hammer at different temperatures. The energy absorbed by the sample before it fractures provides insight into its toughness and helps identify the brittle temperature. Additionally, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) can be used to analyze thermal transitions in materials, aiding in the understanding of their behavior at different temperatures.The implications of the brittle temperature extend beyond material selection; they also affect safety standards and regulatory requirements in various industries. For example, the construction industry must adhere to strict guidelines regarding the materials used in cold climates. Engineers must ensure that the materials selected for construction can withstand low temperatures without becoming brittle, thereby ensuring the safety and longevity of structures.In conclusion, the concept of brittle temperature is a vital aspect of materials science that influences the design, selection, and application of materials across various industries. By understanding the brittle temperature of different materials, engineers can make informed decisions that enhance safety, performance, and durability. As technology advances and new materials are developed, ongoing research into the brittle temperature will continue to play a pivotal role in the future of engineering and materials science.

在材料科学领域，理解不同材料的性质对于它们在各个行业中的应用至关重要。一个工程师和科学家必须考虑的重要特性是脆性温度的概念，这指的是材料在低于此温度时变得脆弱，可能在应力下容易断裂。这种现象在金属和聚合物中尤为重要，因为它会影响它们在实际应用中的性能和耐用性。当材料处于其脆性温度（brittle temperature）之上时，它通常表现出韧性行为，允许其在不破裂的情况下变形。例如，钢在室温下被认为是韧性的，使其适合用于建筑和结构应用。然而，如果温度降到脆性温度以下，相同的钢可能变得脆弱，导致在寒冷天气中桥梁或建筑物等结构的灾难性故障。脆性温度不是一个固定值；它可以因多种因素而异，包括材料的成分、杂质的存在以及加载速率。例如，某些合金可能由于添加了增强韧性的其他元素而具有比其纯金属对应物更高的脆性温度。理解这些变化对于工程师在选择特定环境的材料时至关重要。在聚合物中，脆性温度同样至关重要。许多聚合物被设计为在特定温度范围内操作。当暴露于低于其脆性温度的温度时，聚合物可能失去柔韧性并变得刚性，这可能导致在机械应力下开裂或断裂。这在汽车零部件等应用中尤其重要，组件必须在不失去完整性的情况下承受一系列温度。为了确定材料的脆性温度，可以采用各种测试方法。一种常见的方法是夏比冲击试验，其中在不同温度下用摆锤锤击有缺口的样品。样品在断裂前吸收的能量提供了对其韧性的洞察，并帮助识别脆性温度。此外，差示扫描量热法（DSC）可用于分析材料的热转变，帮助理解其在不同温度下的行为。脆性温度的影响超出了材料选择；它们还影响着各个行业的安全标准和监管要求。例如，建筑行业必须遵循关于在寒冷气候中使用的材料的严格指南。工程师必须确保所选的建筑材料能够在低温下承受而不变脆，从而确保结构的安全性和耐久性。总之，脆性温度的概念是材料科学的一个重要方面，影响着各个行业材料的设计、选择和应用。通过了解不同材料的脆性温度，工程师可以做出明智的决策，从而提高安全性、性能和耐用性。随着技术的进步和新材料的发展，关于脆性温度的持续研究将继续在工程和材料科学的未来中发挥关键作用。