brittle fracture

简明释义

1. 脆性断裂; 2. 脆性破坏; 3. 脆性破裂;

英英释义

例句

1.The glass vase shattered due to a brittle fracture (脆性断裂) when it was dropped.

当花瓶掉落时，由于发生了brittle fracture (脆性断裂)，它碎了。

2.The safety report highlighted the risk of brittle fracture (脆性断裂) in cold weather conditions.

安全报告强调了寒冷天气条件下发生brittle fracture (脆性断裂) 的风险。

3.Research showed that certain alloys are more susceptible to brittle fracture (脆性断裂) under stress.

研究表明，某些合金在应力下更容易发生brittle fracture (脆性断裂)。

4.In materials science, understanding brittle fracture (脆性断裂) is crucial for predicting material failure.

在材料科学中，理解brittle fracture (脆性断裂) 对于预测材料失效至关重要。

5.The engineer explained that the metal failed due to a brittle fracture (脆性断裂) caused by low temperatures.

工程师解释说，金属因低温导致发生了brittle fracture (脆性断裂)。

作文

In engineering and materials science, understanding the concept of brittle fracture is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of structures. Brittle fracture refers to a type of failure that occurs in materials when they are subjected to stress, leading to a sudden and catastrophic break without significant plastic deformation. This phenomenon is particularly common in materials such as glass, ceramics, and some metals at low temperatures. The rapid propagation of cracks during brittle fracture can result in devastating consequences, making it essential for engineers to consider this failure mode when designing structures.One of the key characteristics of brittle fracture is that it often happens without warning. Unlike ductile materials that exhibit noticeable deformation before breaking, brittle materials fail suddenly, which can pose serious risks in various applications. For instance, if a bridge made of steel experiences a brittle fracture, it could collapse unexpectedly, endangering lives and causing property damage. Therefore, understanding the conditions that lead to brittle fracture is vital for preventing such disasters.The temperature and loading conditions greatly influence the likelihood of brittle fracture. Most metals, for example, become more susceptible to brittle fracture at lower temperatures. This is why engineers must consider the operating environment of materials in their designs. Additionally, the presence of flaws or defects within a material can significantly reduce its resistance to brittle fracture. Even small cracks or inclusions can serve as stress concentrators, leading to premature failure. Thus, rigorous quality control and testing are necessary to ensure that materials used in critical applications are free from such defects.Another important aspect of brittle fracture is the role of stress concentration. When a material is subjected to external forces, stress can become concentrated around flaws or geometrical discontinuities, increasing the likelihood of crack initiation. Engineers often use design strategies to minimize these stress concentrations, such as incorporating fillets or radii in corners where stress might otherwise be concentrated. By doing so, they can enhance the overall toughness of the material and reduce the risk of brittle fracture.To mitigate the risks associated with brittle fracture, several approaches can be employed. One effective strategy is to select materials that have higher toughness and resistance to fracture. For example, alloys that are designed to withstand extreme conditions often exhibit improved performance against brittle fracture. Furthermore, implementing regular inspection and maintenance protocols can help identify potential issues before they lead to catastrophic failures. Non-destructive testing methods, such as ultrasonic or radiographic inspections, can be employed to detect internal flaws that may predispose a material to brittle fracture.In conclusion, the understanding of brittle fracture is essential for engineers and designers who wish to create safe and reliable structures. By recognizing the factors that contribute to this type of failure, including temperature, material properties, and stress concentration, professionals can take proactive measures to prevent incidents. Through careful material selection, design considerations, and regular inspections, the risks associated with brittle fracture can be significantly reduced, ultimately leading to safer and more durable engineering solutions.

脆性断裂在工程和材料科学中是一个至关重要的概念，理解它对于确保结构的安全性和可靠性至关重要。脆性断裂指的是材料在受到应力时发生的一种破坏类型，导致材料突然且灾难性地断裂，而没有显著的塑性变形。这种现象在玻璃、陶瓷和某些金属（尤其是在低温下）中特别常见。在脆性断裂过程中裂纹的快速传播可能导致严重后果，因此工程师在设计结构时必须考虑这种失效模式。脆性断裂的一个关键特征是，它通常在没有警告的情况下发生。与表现出明显变形的韧性材料不同，脆性材料会突然破裂，这可能在各种应用中构成严重风险。例如，如果一座由钢制成的桥梁经历了脆性断裂，它可能会意外坍塌，危及生命并造成财产损失。因此，了解导致脆性断裂的条件对于防止此类灾难至关重要。温度和加载条件对脆性断裂的可能性有很大影响。大多数金属在较低温度下，例如，变得更容易发生脆性断裂。这就是为什么工程师在设计中必须考虑材料的操作环境。此外，材料内部的缺陷或瑕疵会显著降低其抵抗脆性断裂的能力。即使是小裂纹或夹杂物也可以作为应力集中器，导致提前失效。因此，严格的质量控制和测试是必要的，以确保用于关键应用的材料没有此类缺陷。脆性断裂的另一个重要方面是应力集中所起的作用。当材料受到外力作用时，应力可能会在缺陷或几何不连续性周围集中，从而增加裂纹形成的可能性。工程师通常使用设计策略来最小化这些应力集中，例如在应力可能集中于的角落中加入圆角或弯头。通过这样做，他们可以增强材料的整体韧性，并降低发生脆性断裂的风险。为了减轻与脆性断裂相关的风险，可以采用几种方法。一种有效的策略是选择具有更高韧性和抗断裂能力的材料。例如，旨在承受极端条件的合金通常显示出对脆性断裂的改善性能。此外，实施定期检查和维护协议可以帮助在灾难性故障发生之前识别潜在问题。无损检测方法，如超声波或射线检测，可以用来检测可能使材料易于发生脆性断裂的内部缺陷。总之，理解脆性断裂对于希望创建安全可靠结构的工程师和设计师至关重要。通过认识到导致这种类型失效的因素，包括温度、材料属性和应力集中，专业人员可以采取主动措施来防止事故。通过仔细的材料选择、设计考虑和定期检查，与脆性断裂相关的风险可以显著降低，从而最终导致更安全、更耐用的工程解决方案。