brittle-ductile transition

简明释义

脆性—延性转变;

英英释义

例句

1.The study of the brittle-ductile transition 脆性-韧性转变 is crucial for understanding how materials behave under different temperatures.

对脆性-韧性转变 脆性-韧性转变的研究对于理解材料在不同温度下的行为至关重要。

2.In metallurgy, the brittle-ductile transition 脆性-韧性转变 is a key factor in evaluating the toughness of steel.

在冶金学中，脆性-韧性转变 脆性-韧性转变是评估钢材韧性的关键因素。

3.Understanding the brittle-ductile transition 脆性-韧性转变 helps in predicting failure modes in engineering applications.

理解脆性-韧性转变 脆性-韧性转变有助于预测工程应用中的失效模式。

4.The brittle-ductile transition 脆性-韧性转变 temperature varies for different materials, affecting their performance.

不同材料的脆性-韧性转变 脆性-韧性转变温度各不相同，影响它们的性能。

5.Engineers must consider the brittle-ductile transition 脆性-韧性转变 when designing structures that will be exposed to extreme conditions.

工程师在设计将暴露于极端条件下的结构时，必须考虑脆性-韧性转变 脆性-韧性转变。

作文

The concept of brittle-ductile transition refers to the change in material behavior from brittle fracture to ductile deformation as the temperature or other conditions vary. Understanding this transition is crucial in materials science and engineering, as it directly affects the performance and safety of structures and components. In general, materials can exhibit two primary modes of failure: brittle and ductile. Brittle materials tend to break suddenly without significant deformation, while ductile materials can undergo substantial plastic deformation before failing. This difference in behavior is largely influenced by temperature, strain rate, and the microstructure of the material.At lower temperatures, many metals and polymers behave in a brittle manner, meaning they can fracture with little warning under stress. This can be particularly dangerous in structural applications, where unexpected failures can lead to catastrophic results. For instance, steel can become brittle at low temperatures, which is why engineers must consider the service environment when designing structures that will be exposed to extreme conditions. The brittle-ductile transition temperature is a critical parameter that engineers must identify to ensure that materials perform as expected under varying conditions.As temperatures rise, materials often transition to a more ductile state. This means that they can absorb more energy and deform significantly before breaking. Ductility is generally desirable in applications where materials are subject to impact or dynamic loads. For instance, in the automotive industry, car frames are designed to be ductile so that they can absorb energy during a collision, protecting passengers from injury. The ability to predict the brittle-ductile transition is essential for designing safe and reliable products.To further understand this transition, researchers conduct various tests to determine the mechanical properties of materials at different temperatures. One common method is the Charpy impact test, where a notched specimen is struck by a swinging pendulum. The energy absorbed by the specimen during fracture provides insight into whether the material behaved in a brittle or ductile manner. By analyzing the results, scientists can map out the brittle-ductile transition curve, which illustrates how the material's toughness changes with temperature.In addition to temperature, other factors such as grain size, composition, and loading rate also influence the brittle-ductile transition. For example, finer grains in a metal can enhance its ductility, while certain alloying elements can improve toughness. Understanding these relationships allows engineers to tailor materials for specific applications, optimizing their performance and safety.In conclusion, the brittle-ductile transition is a fundamental concept in materials science that describes how materials change from brittle to ductile behavior under varying conditions. Recognizing and predicting this transition is vital for engineers and designers to ensure the integrity and reliability of structures and components. As we continue to advance our understanding of materials, the ability to control and manipulate the brittle-ductile transition will play an increasingly important role in developing safer and more efficient technologies.

“脆性-延展性转变”这一概念指的是材料行为从脆性断裂到延展性变形的变化，这种变化会随着温度或其他条件的变化而发生。理解这一转变对于材料科学和工程至关重要，因为它直接影响到结构和组件的性能与安全。一般来说，材料可以表现出两种主要的失效模式：脆性和延展性。脆性材料在受到应力时往往会突然断裂，而延展性材料则可以在破坏前经历显著的塑性变形。这种行为的差异在很大程度上受到温度、应变速率和材料微观结构的影响。在较低温度下，许多金属和聚合物表现出脆性行为，这意味着它们在受力下可能会毫无预警地断裂。这在结构应用中尤其危险，因为意外的失效可能导致灾难性的结果。例如，钢材在低温下可能变得脆弱，因此工程师在设计会暴露于极端条件下的结构时，必须考虑服务环境。脆性-延展性转变温度是工程师必须识别的关键参数，以确保材料在不同条件下按预期表现。随着温度的升高，材料通常会转变为更延展的状态。这意味着它们可以吸收更多的能量，并在断裂前显著变形。延展性通常在材料受到冲击或动态载荷的应用中是可取的。例如，在汽车工业中，汽车框架被设计为具有延展性，以便在碰撞中吸收能量，从而保护乘客免受伤害。能够预测脆性-延展性转变对于设计安全可靠的产品至关重要。为了进一步理解这一转变，研究人员进行各种测试，以确定材料在不同温度下的机械性能。一种常见的方法是夏比冲击试验，其中一个有缺口的样本被摆锤击打。样本在断裂过程中吸收的能量提供了该材料是以脆性还是延展性方式行为的洞见。通过分析结果，科学家可以绘制出脆性-延展性转变曲线，该曲线说明了材料韧性如何随温度变化。除了温度，晶粒大小、成分和加载速率等其他因素也会影响脆性-延展性转变。例如，金属中的细晶粒可以增强其延展性，而某些合金元素可以改善韧性。理解这些关系使工程师能够针对特定应用定制材料，优化其性能和安全性。总之，脆性-延展性转变是材料科学中的一个基本概念，描述了材料在不同条件下如何从脆性行为转变为延展性行为。识别和预测这一转变对于工程师和设计师确保结构和组件的完整性与可靠性至关重要。随着我们对材料理解的不断深入，控制和操纵脆性-延展性转变的能力将在开发更安全、更高效的技术中发挥越来越重要的作用。