xenobiotic

简明释义

英[ˌzenəʊbaɪˈɒtɪk]美[ˌzenoʊbaɪˈɑːtɪk]

adj. 异型生物质的

n. （药物、杀虫剂、致癌物等）异型生物质

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.In recent years, much attention has been focused on the potential for a wide range of xenobiotic chemicals to interact with and disrupt the endocrine systems of animal and human populations.

近年来，有关外源性化合物对动物和人内分泌系统的干扰进行了广泛的研究。

2.In recent years, much attention has been focused on the potential for a wide range of xenobiotic chemicals to interact with and disrupt the endocrine systems of animal and human populations.

近年来，有关外源性化合物对动物和人内分泌系统的干扰进行了广泛的研究。

3.This organism also degrades a truly amazing range of xenobiotic compounds (nonbiological foreign chemicals) using both intracellular and extracellular enzymes.

这种细菌也利用胞内和胞外酶降解数量惊人的异生化合物（非生物来源的外来化学物质）。

4.Apparently most degradation of these xenobiotic compounds occurs after active growth, during the secondary metabolic lignin degradation phase.

显而易见，大多数异生物质的降解发生在活性生长之后，次级代谢木质素降解阶段。

5.The detoxification process in the liver is crucial for processing xenobiotic chemicals.

肝脏中的解毒过程对于处理外源性化学物质至关重要。

6.Researchers are investigating the effects of xenobiotic exposure on human health.

研究人员正在调查外源性物质暴露对人类健康的影响。

7.The study focused on how the body metabolizes various xenobiotic substances.

这项研究集中于身体如何代谢各种外源性物质。

8.Certain medications can be classified as xenobiotic due to their foreign nature in the human body.

某些药物可以被归类为外源性物质，因为它们在人体内是外来的。

9.Environmental scientists are concerned about the accumulation of xenobiotic compounds in aquatic ecosystems.

环境科学家担心外源性化合物在水生生态系统中的积累。

作文

In the realm of environmental science and toxicology, the term xenobiotic refers to any substance that is foreign to a biological system. These compounds can originate from various sources, including synthetic chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and naturally occurring substances that are not typically found in the organism's environment. Understanding xenobiotics is crucial for assessing their impact on human health and ecosystems. The study of xenobiotics encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including biochemistry, pharmacology, and environmental science. For instance, when humans are exposed to drugs or pollutants, these xenobiotics can interact with biological pathways, potentially leading to adverse effects. The body's ability to metabolize and eliminate these foreign compounds is vital for maintaining health. Enzymes in the liver play a significant role in the detoxification process, converting xenobiotics into more water-soluble forms that can be excreted through urine or bile. One of the most concerning aspects of xenobiotics is their potential to accumulate in the body over time. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as certain pesticides and industrial chemicals, can remain in the environment for long periods and bioaccumulate in the food chain. This accumulation poses risks not only to wildlife but also to humans who consume contaminated food. For example, fish caught in polluted waters may contain high levels of xenobiotics, which can lead to health issues such as endocrine disruption and cancer. Moreover, the presence of xenobiotics in the environment raises questions about ecological balance. Many organisms have evolved mechanisms to cope with natural toxins, but the introduction of synthetic xenobiotics can disrupt these systems. For instance, amphibians are particularly sensitive to chemical pollutants, and their decline in many regions has been linked to exposure to xenobiotics. This highlights the need for rigorous environmental monitoring and regulation to mitigate the effects of harmful substances. In addition to their environmental implications, xenobiotics also play a significant role in medicine. The field of pharmacology relies on understanding how drugs function as xenobiotics within the body. When a new medication is developed, researchers must study its pharmacokinetics—the way it is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. This knowledge helps ensure that medications are effective while minimizing potential side effects caused by their xenobiotic nature. Furthermore, the concept of xenobiotics extends beyond just harmful substances. Some compounds that are considered xenobiotics can have beneficial effects, such as certain antioxidants found in food that help protect cells from damage. Thus, not all xenobiotics are detrimental; their effects depend on various factors, including dosage, exposure duration, and individual susceptibility. In conclusion, the term xenobiotic encapsulates a vast array of substances that interact with biological systems in complex ways. From environmental concerns to medical applications, understanding xenobiotics is essential for safeguarding both human health and the environment. Continued research in this area is crucial to develop strategies that mitigate the risks associated with harmful xenobiotics while recognizing the potential benefits of others. As our world becomes increasingly interconnected, the study of xenobiotics will undoubtedly play a pivotal role in shaping public health policies and environmental regulations.

在环境科学和毒理学领域，术语xenobiotic指的是任何对生物系统来说是外来的物质。这些化合物可以来自各种来源，包括合成化学品、药物和通常不在生物体环境中的天然物质。理解xenobiotics对于评估它们对人类健康和生态系统的影响至关重要。xenobiotics的研究涵盖了生物化学、药理学和环境科学等多个学科。例如，当人类接触到药物或污染物时，这些xenobiotics可能会与生物途径相互作用，可能导致不良影响。身体代谢和排除这些外来化合物的能力对于维持健康至关重要。肝脏中的酶在解毒过程中起着重要作用，将xenobiotics转化为更易溶于水的形式，以便通过尿液或胆汁排出。xenobiotics最令人担忧的方面之一是它们可能在体内积累。持久性有机污染物（POPs），如某些农药和工业化学品，可以在环境中存在很长时间，并在食物链中生物积累。这种积累不仅对野生动物构成风险，也对食用被污染食物的人类构成威胁。例如，在污染水域捕获的鱼类可能含有高水平的xenobiotics，这可能导致内分泌干扰和癌症等健康问题。此外，环境中xenobiotics的存在引发了生态平衡的问题。许多生物已经进化出应对天然毒素的机制，但合成xenobiotics的引入可能会破坏这些系统。例如，两栖动物对化学污染物特别敏感，它们在许多地区的数量下降已被认为与暴露于xenobiotics有关。这突显了严格的环境监测和监管的必要性，以减轻有害物质的影响。除了其环境影响外，xenobiotics在医学中也发挥着重要作用。药理学领域依赖于理解药物如何作为xenobiotics在体内发挥作用。当开发新药时，研究人员必须研究其药代动力学，即药物的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄方式。这些知识有助于确保药物有效，同时最小化其xenobiotic特性所导致的潜在副作用。此外，xenobiotics的概念不仅限于有害物质。一些被认为是xenobiotics的化合物可能具有有益的效果，例如某些食物中的抗氧化剂，有助于保护细胞免受损伤。因此，并非所有xenobiotics都是有害的；它们的影响取决于多种因素，包括剂量、暴露持续时间和个体易感性。总之，术语xenobiotic封装了一系列与生物系统以复杂方式相互作用的物质。从环境问题到医学应用，理解xenobiotics对于保护人类健康和环境至关重要。在这一领域的持续研究对于制定减轻与有害xenobiotics相关风险的策略至关重要，同时认识到其他物质的潜在益处。随着我们的世界变得越来越互联，xenobiotics的研究无疑将在塑造公共健康政策和环境法规方面发挥关键作用。