Bretton Woods Agreement

简明释义

布雷顿森林协定;

英英释义

例句

1.The principles of the Bretton Woods Agreement still influence global economic policies today.

Bretton Woods Agreement（布雷顿森林协定）的原则至今仍影响着全球经济政策。

2.In 1971, the collapse of the Bretton Woods Agreement marked the end of fixed exchange rates.

1971年，Bretton Woods Agreement（布雷顿森林协定）的崩溃标志着固定汇率制度的结束。

3.The Bretton Woods Agreement established a new international monetary system after World War II.

在第二次世界大战后，Bretton Woods Agreement（布雷顿森林协定）建立了一个新的国际货币体系。

4.Countries that participated in the Bretton Woods Agreement agreed to peg their currencies to the US dollar.

参与Bretton Woods Agreement（布雷顿森林协定）的国家同意将他们的货币与美元挂钩。

5.The Bretton Woods Agreement led to the creation of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Bretton Woods Agreement（布雷顿森林协定）促成了国际货币基金组织（IMF）的成立。

作文

The Bretton Woods Agreement was a landmark system for monetary and exchange rate management established in 1944. It was named after the location in New Hampshire where the conference took place, bringing together representatives from 44 nations. The primary aim of the Bretton Woods Agreement was to create a stable international monetary framework that would prevent the economic chaos that had contributed to the Great Depression and the subsequent World War II. The agreement led to the establishment of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, two key institutions that continue to play significant roles in global economics today.Under the Bretton Woods Agreement, countries agreed to peg their currencies to the US dollar, which was itself convertible to gold at a fixed rate. This system created a stable environment for international trade and investment, as it reduced the risk of currency fluctuations. The US dollar emerged as the world's primary reserve currency, facilitating global trade and reinforcing the economic dominance of the United States in the post-war era.However, the Bretton Woods Agreement faced challenges in the following decades. As economies grew and international trade expanded, the fixed exchange rate system became increasingly difficult to maintain. Countries began to experience balance of payments problems, leading to pressures on their currencies. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the United States faced its own economic difficulties, including inflation and trade deficits, which undermined confidence in the dollar's stability.In 1971, President Richard Nixon announced the suspension of the dollar's convertibility into gold, effectively ending the Bretton Woods Agreement. This shift marked the transition to a system of floating exchange rates, where currency values are determined by market forces rather than fixed pegs. The end of the Bretton Woods Agreement had profound implications for the global economy, leading to increased volatility in exchange rates and greater uncertainty in international trade.Despite its eventual collapse, the legacy of the Bretton Woods Agreement continues to influence modern economic policies. The IMF and World Bank remain central players in global finance, providing support to countries facing economic crises and promoting development initiatives. Furthermore, the principles of cooperation and multilateralism established at Bretton Woods have inspired subsequent international agreements aimed at fostering economic stability.In conclusion, the Bretton Woods Agreement was a pivotal moment in the history of global economics. It set the stage for a new era of international financial cooperation and shaped the structure of the modern economic landscape. Understanding the origins and impacts of the Bretton Woods Agreement is essential for comprehending contemporary economic issues and the ongoing evolution of the global financial system.

《布雷顿森林协议》是1944年建立的货币和汇率管理的里程碑式体系。它的名称来自新罕布什尔州的会议地点，44个国家的代表齐聚一堂。布雷顿森林协议的主要目的是创建一个稳定的国际货币框架，以防止导致大萧条和随后的第二次世界大战的经济混乱。该协议促成了国际货币基金组织（IMF）和世界银行的建立，这两个关键机构至今仍在全球经济中发挥着重要作用。根据布雷顿森林协议，各国同意将其货币与美元挂钩，而美元本身则以固定汇率可兑换黄金。这个体系为国际贸易和投资创造了一个稳定的环境，因为它降低了货币波动的风险。美元成为全球主要的储备货币，促进了全球贸易，并加强了美国在战后时代的经济主导地位。然而，布雷顿森林协议在随后的几十年中面临挑战。随着经济增长和国际贸易扩展，固定汇率体系变得越来越难以维持。各国开始出现国际收支问题，导致对其货币的压力。在1960年代末和1970年代初，美国也面临自身的经济困难，包括通货膨胀和贸易赤字，这削弱了人们对美元稳定性的信心。1971年，理查德·尼克松总统宣布暂停美元与黄金的可兑换性，实际上结束了布雷顿森林协议。这一转变标志着浮动汇率制度的过渡，在这种制度下，货币价值由市场力量决定，而不是固定的挂钩。布雷顿森林协议的结束对全球经济产生了深远的影响，导致汇率波动性增加和国际贸易的不确定性加大。尽管最终崩溃，布雷顿森林协议的遗产仍然影响着现代经济政策。国际货币基金组织和世界银行仍然是全球金融的重要参与者，为面临经济危机的国家提供支持，并推动发展倡议。此外，在布雷顿森林建立的合作与多边主义原则激励了随后的国际协议，旨在促进经济稳定。总之，布雷顿森林协议是全球经济历史上的一个关键时刻。它为国际金融合作的新纪元奠定了基础，并塑造了现代经济格局。理解布雷顿森林协议的起源和影响对于理解当代经济问题以及全球金融体系的持续演变至关重要。