Bragg diffraction

简明释义

布拉格衍射;

英英释义

例句

1.In X-ray crystallography, Bragg diffraction (布拉格衍射) is essential for determining the three-dimensional arrangement of molecules.

在X射线晶体学中，布拉格衍射（布拉格衍射）对于确定分子的三维排列至关重要。

2.Applications of Bragg diffraction (布拉格衍射) are found in materials science and solid-state physics.

在材料科学和固态物理中可以发现布拉格衍射（布拉格衍射）的应用。

3.The study of crystal structures often involves techniques such as Bragg diffraction (布拉格衍射) to analyze the arrangement of atoms.

晶体结构的研究通常涉及诸如布拉格衍射（布拉格衍射）等技术，以分析原子的排列。

4.Researchers used Bragg diffraction (布拉格衍射) to identify the phases of a new alloy material.

研究人员利用布拉格衍射（布拉格衍射）来识别一种新合金材料的相位。

5.The resolution of Bragg diffraction (布拉格衍射) patterns can provide insights into the lattice parameters of crystals.

布拉格衍射（布拉格衍射）图样的分辨率可以提供关于晶体晶格参数的见解。

作文

Bragg diffraction is a fundamental concept in the field of crystallography, which deals with the study of crystal structures and their properties. The term originates from the work of William Lawrence Bragg and his father, William Henry Bragg, who developed the Bragg's Law in the early 20th century. This law provides a relationship between the angles at which X-rays are diffracted by a crystal and the spacing between the planes of atoms within that crystal. Understanding Bragg diffraction (布拉格衍射) is essential for scientists and researchers who aim to analyze the arrangement of atoms in various materials, which is crucial for fields such as materials science, chemistry, and biology.The principle behind Bragg diffraction (布拉格衍射) can be illustrated using a simple analogy. Imagine a group of waves hitting a series of barriers. When these waves encounter the barriers, they can either pass through or bounce off, depending on their angle of incidence. Similarly, when X-rays hit a crystal, they interact with the electrons surrounding the atoms. If the angle of incidence meets certain conditions defined by Bragg's Law, constructive interference occurs, resulting in a strong reflected beam of X-rays. This phenomenon allows scientists to deduce information about the atomic structure of the material being studied.Bragg's Law is mathematically expressed as nλ = 2d sin θ, where n is an integer (representing the order of the diffraction), λ is the wavelength of the incoming X-rays, d is the distance between the atomic planes in the crystal, and θ is the angle of diffraction. By measuring the angles at which the X-rays are diffracted, researchers can calculate the spacing between the atomic layers, providing insights into the crystal's structure.One of the significant applications of Bragg diffraction (布拉格衍射) is in the determination of protein structures. Proteins are complex molecules that play vital roles in biological systems, and understanding their three-dimensional structure is crucial for drug design and development. X-ray crystallography, a technique based on Bragg diffraction (布拉格衍射), has been instrumental in revealing the structures of numerous proteins, leading to advancements in biochemistry and molecular biology.Moreover, Bragg diffraction (布拉格衍射) is not limited to X-rays; it can also be applied to other types of waves, such as neutrons and electrons. Each of these techniques offers unique advantages and can provide different types of information about the material being studied. For instance, neutron diffraction is particularly useful for locating hydrogen atoms, which are often difficult to detect using X-ray methods.In conclusion, Bragg diffraction (布拉格衍射) is a cornerstone of modern crystallography and plays a critical role in various scientific disciplines. Its ability to reveal the arrangement of atoms within a crystal has transformed our understanding of materials and biological macromolecules. As technology advances, the techniques associated with Bragg diffraction (布拉格衍射) continue to evolve, leading to new discoveries and innovations across many fields of science. Researchers are constantly exploring ways to improve the resolution and speed of diffraction experiments, further enhancing our ability to visualize and manipulate the atomic world.

布拉格衍射是晶体学领域的一个基本概念，涉及对晶体结构及其特性的研究。该术语源于威廉·劳伦斯·布拉格和他的父亲威廉·亨利·布拉格在20世纪初的工作，他们发展了布拉格定律。该定律提供了X射线在晶体中衍射的角度与晶体内原子平面之间间距之间的关系。理解布拉格衍射对于那些旨在分析各种材料中原子排列的科学家和研究人员至关重要，这对材料科学、化学和生物学等领域至关重要。布拉格衍射的原理可以用一个简单的类比来说明。想象一组波浪撞击一系列障碍物。当这些波浪遇到障碍物时，它们可以通过或反弹，具体取决于入射角。类似地，当X射线撞击晶体时，它们与包围原子的电子相互作用。如果入射角满足布拉格定律所定义的某些条件，则会发生相干增强，导致强的反射X射线束。这一现象使科学家能够推断出所研究材料的原子结构的信息。布拉格定律的数学表达式为nλ = 2d sin θ，其中n是整数（表示衍射的阶数），λ是入射X射线的波长，d是晶体中原子平面之间的距离，θ是衍射角。通过测量X射线衍射的角度，研究人员可以计算原子层之间的间距，从而提供关于晶体结构的见解。布拉格衍射的一个重要应用是在蛋白质结构的确定上。蛋白质是复杂的分子，在生物系统中发挥着重要作用，理解它们的三维结构对药物设计和开发至关重要。基于布拉格衍射的X射线晶体学技术在揭示众多蛋白质的结构方面发挥了重要作用，推动了生物化学和分子生物学的发展。此外，布拉格衍射不仅限于X射线；它也可以应用于其他类型的波，如中子和电子。这些技术中的每一种都提供独特的优势，并且可以提供关于所研究材料的不同类型的信息。例如，中子衍射特别适用于定位氢原子，这些原子通常难以用X射线方法检测到。总之，布拉格衍射是现代晶体学的基石，在各个科学学科中发挥着关键作用。它揭示晶体内原子排列的能力改变了我们对材料和生物大分子的理解。随着技术的进步，与布拉格衍射相关的技术不断发展，带来了新的发现和创新。研究人员不断探索改进衍射实验的分辨率和速度的方法，进一步增强我们可视化和操控原子世界的能力。