bank run

简明释义

银行挤兑;

英英释义

例句

1.To prevent a bank run, the government assured customers that their deposits were safe.

为了防止发生银行挤兑，政府向客户保证他们的存款是安全的。

2.The sudden panic led to a chaotic bank run that lasted for several days.

突如其来的恐慌导致了一场持续数天的混乱银行挤兑。

3.The news of the bank's insolvency triggered a bank run among anxious customers.

银行破产的消息引发了焦虑客户的银行挤兑。

4.In history, the Great Depression saw one of the largest bank runs in the United States.

历史上，大萧条时期在美国发生了最大规模的银行挤兑之一。

5.During the economic crisis, many people rushed to withdraw their savings, leading to a massive bank run.

在经济危机期间，许多人急于提取存款，导致了大规模的银行挤兑。

作文

A bank run occurs when a large number of customers withdraw their deposits from a bank simultaneously due to concerns about the bank's solvency. This phenomenon can lead to severe liquidity issues for the bank, as it may not have enough cash on hand to meet the withdrawal demands. The fear of losing money can trigger a bank run, even if the bank is fundamentally sound. Understanding the dynamics of a bank run is essential for both consumers and financial institutions.Historically, bank runs were more common in the pre-FDIC era (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation), where depositors had no insurance on their savings. One notable example is the Great Depression in the 1930s, when thousands of banks failed due to widespread panic among depositors. People rushed to withdraw their funds, fearing that their bank would collapse, which ultimately contributed to the very failures they feared. This cycle of panic and withdrawal illustrates how psychological factors can drive a bank run.The mechanisms behind a bank run are rooted in the banking system's structure. Banks operate on a fractional reserve basis, meaning they only keep a fraction of deposits in reserve while lending out the rest. This model works well under normal circumstances; however, when a significant number of people attempt to withdraw their funds at once, it can create a crisis. The bank may need to liquidate assets quickly or borrow from other financial institutions to meet the demand, which can further erode confidence in its stability.To prevent bank runs, governments and central banks implement various measures. The establishment of the FDIC in the United States was a crucial step in restoring public confidence in the banking system. By insuring deposits up to a certain limit, the FDIC reassured depositors that their money was safe, reducing the likelihood of a bank run. Additionally, central banks can act as lenders of last resort, providing liquidity to banks facing sudden withdrawals.In modern times, technology has changed the landscape of banking and the potential for bank runs. Online banking allows for instantaneous transfers, making it easier for customers to withdraw funds quickly. Social media can also amplify fears, spreading panic rapidly among depositors. For instance, if news circulates that a bank is in trouble, it can lead to a swift and massive bank run as people rush to protect their assets.Financial literacy plays a vital role in mitigating the risks associated with bank runs. Educating consumers about the safety of their deposits and the protections in place can help calm fears during turbulent times. Furthermore, transparency from banks regarding their financial health can build trust and reduce the likelihood of panic withdrawals.In conclusion, a bank run is a complex event driven by a mix of psychological and structural factors within the banking system. Understanding the causes and consequences of a bank run is crucial for both depositors and financial institutions. By fostering trust and ensuring adequate protections are in place, we can minimize the impact of these events on the economy and maintain stability in the financial system. As we navigate the evolving landscape of banking, it is essential to remain vigilant and informed to prevent future bank runs and protect our financial wellbeing.

当大量客户因对银行偿付能力的担忧而同时从银行提取存款时，就会发生银行挤兑。这种现象可能导致银行严重的流动性问题，因为它可能没有足够的现金来满足提款要求。对失去资金的恐惧可以引发银行挤兑，即使该银行在根本上是健康的。理解银行挤兑的动态对消费者和金融机构都至关重要。历史上，银行挤兑在FDIC时代（联邦存款保险公司）之前更为常见，当时存款人对其储蓄没有保险。一个显著的例子是20世纪30年代的大萧条，当时由于存款人之间的广泛恐慌，数千家银行倒闭。人们急于提取他们的资金，担心他们的银行会崩溃，这最终导致了他们所害怕的失败。这种恐慌和提款的循环说明了心理因素如何驱动银行挤兑。银行挤兑背后的机制根植于银行系统的结构。银行以部分准备金制度运作，这意味着它们只保留一小部分存款作为准备金，同时将其余部分借出。在正常情况下，这种模式运作良好；然而，当大量人们试图同时提取资金时，这可能会造成危机。银行可能需要迅速变现资产或向其他金融机构借款以满足需求，这可能进一步侵蚀对其稳定性的信心。为了防止银行挤兑，政府和中央银行实施各种措施。在美国，FDIC的建立是恢复公众对银行系统信心的重要一步。通过对一定限额内的存款提供保险，FDIC向存款人保证他们的钱是安全的，从而减少了银行挤兑的可能性。此外，中央银行可以作为最后贷款人，为面临突发提款的银行提供流动性。在现代，科技改变了银行业的格局和银行挤兑的潜力。在线银行业务允许即时转账，使客户更容易快速提取资金。社交媒体也可以加剧恐惧，迅速在存款人中传播恐慌。例如，如果有消息传播某家银行出现问题，可能会导致人们迅速进行大规模的银行挤兑，以保护自己的资产。金融素养在减轻与银行挤兑相关的风险方面发挥着重要作用。教育消费者了解他们存款的安全性及其保护措施，可以帮助在动荡时期平息恐惧。此外，银行关于其财务健康状况的透明度可以建立信任，减少恐慌提款的可能性。总之，银行挤兑是一种复杂事件，由心理和银行系统内的结构因素混合驱动。理解银行挤兑的原因和后果对存款人和金融机构都至关重要。通过促进信任并确保采取适当的保护措施，我们可以最小化这些事件对经济的影响，并维持金融系统的稳定。在我们应对不断发展的银行环境时，保持警惕和知情对于防止未来的银行挤兑和保护我们的财务健康至关重要。