atomic capture cross-section

简明释义

原子俘获截面;

英英释义

例句

1.The atomic capture cross-section helps in predicting the behavior of neutrons in a material.

原子捕获截面有助于预测中子在材料中的行为。

2.In particle physics, the atomic capture cross-section can indicate the likelihood of a reaction occurring.

在粒子物理学中，原子捕获截面可以指示反应发生的可能性。

3.The value of the atomic capture cross-section is crucial for understanding how different materials interact with radiation.

了解不同材料如何与辐射相互作用时，原子捕获截面的值至关重要。

4.Understanding the atomic capture cross-section is essential for developing effective shielding materials.

理解原子捕获截面对于开发有效的屏蔽材料至关重要。

5.Researchers measured the atomic capture cross-section of various isotopes to improve nuclear reactor designs.

研究人员测量了各种同位素的原子捕获截面以改进核反应堆设计。

作文

The concept of atomic capture cross-section is fundamental in the field of nuclear physics and radiation interaction. It refers to a measure of the probability of an atomic nucleus capturing a neutron or other particles when they collide. This parameter is crucial for understanding various nuclear reactions, including fission and fusion processes that fuel stars and nuclear reactors. The atomic capture cross-section can be influenced by several factors, including the energy of the incoming particle and the type of nucleus involved in the interaction.In practical applications, the atomic capture cross-section is essential for designing nuclear reactors and managing radioactive materials. For instance, in a nuclear reactor, the efficiency of the fission process depends significantly on how well neutrons are captured by the fuel nuclei. If the atomic capture cross-section is high, it means that a greater number of neutrons will be absorbed, leading to a more efficient reaction. Conversely, if the cross-section is low, many neutrons may escape without causing any further reactions, which can lead to inefficiencies in energy production.Moreover, the atomic capture cross-section plays a vital role in neutron shielding and radiation protection. Understanding how different materials interact with neutrons allows engineers to design better protective barriers against radiation. Materials with a high atomic capture cross-section for neutrons are often used in radiation shielding applications to ensure safety in environments where nuclear reactions occur.Additionally, the atomic capture cross-section is not a constant value; it varies depending on the isotope of the atom and the energy levels of the incoming particles. For example, thermal neutrons have different interaction probabilities compared to fast neutrons. This variability makes it necessary for scientists and engineers to conduct experiments and simulations to determine the atomic capture cross-section for specific conditions and materials.Furthermore, advancements in technology have enabled researchers to measure the atomic capture cross-section with greater precision. Techniques such as neutron activation analysis and time-of-flight spectroscopy provide insights into how different isotopes behave under neutron bombardment. These measurements are critical for nuclear medicine, where isotopes are used for diagnostic imaging and treatment.In conclusion, the atomic capture cross-section is a pivotal concept in nuclear physics that has far-reaching implications in energy production, radiation protection, and medical applications. A deeper understanding of this parameter allows scientists and engineers to optimize nuclear processes, enhance safety measures, and innovate new technologies. As research continues to evolve, the significance of the atomic capture cross-section will only grow, underscoring its importance in both theoretical and applied physics.

“原子捕获截面”这一概念在核物理和辐射相互作用领域中至关重要。它指的是当原子核在碰撞时捕获中子或其他粒子的概率的量度。这个参数对于理解各种核反应至关重要，包括为恒星和核反应堆提供燃料的裂变和聚变过程。“原子捕获截面”受多种因素的影响，包括入射粒子的能量和参与相互作用的原子核的类型。在实际应用中，“原子捕获截面”对于设计核反应堆和管理放射性材料至关重要。例如，在核反应堆中，裂变过程的效率在很大程度上取决于中子被燃料核捕获的效果。如果“原子捕获截面”较高，这意味着更多的中子将被吸收，从而导致更有效的反应。相反，如果截面较低，许多中子可能在没有引发进一步反应的情况下逃逸，这可能导致能量生产的低效率。此外，“原子捕获截面”在中子屏蔽和辐射防护中也发挥着重要作用。了解不同材料与中子的相互作用使工程师能够设计出更好的辐射保护屏障，以确保在发生核反应的环境中的安全。具有高“原子捕获截面”的材料通常用于辐射屏蔽应用，以确保在核反应发生的环境中安全。此外，“原子捕获截面”并不是一个恒定值；它随原子的同位素和入射粒子的能量水平而变化。例如，热中子与快中子的相互作用概率不同。这种变异性使得科学家和工程师必须进行实验和模拟，以确定特定条件和材料的“原子捕获截面”。此外，技术的进步使研究人员能够更精确地测量“原子捕获截面”。诸如中子激活分析和飞行时间光谱等技术提供了关于不同同位素在中子轰击下的行为的见解。这些测量对于核医学至关重要，其中同位素用于诊断成像和治疗。总之，“原子捕获截面”是核物理中一个关键概念，对能源生产、辐射保护和医疗应用具有深远的影响。对这一参数的深入理解使科学家和工程师能够优化核过程、增强安全措施并创新新技术。随着研究的不断发展，“原子捕获截面”的重要性将只会增加，强调其在理论和应用物理中的重要性。