alpha particle

简明释义

1. α粒子; 2. 阿尔法粒子; 3. α射线;

英英释义

例句

1.In smoke detectors, alpha particles help ionize the air.

在烟雾探测器中，α粒子帮助电离空气。

2.The alpha particles can be stopped by a sheet of paper.

一个纸张可以阻挡α粒子。

3.An alpha particle is emitted during the radioactive decay of heavy elements.

在重元素的放射性衰变过程中，会释放出一个α粒子。

4.The energy released by alpha particles is significant in nuclear physics.

在核物理学中，α粒子释放的能量是显著的。

5.When an alpha particle collides with a nucleus, it can cause nuclear reactions.

当一个α粒子与原子核碰撞时，可以引发核反应。

作文

The study of atomic structure has always fascinated scientists and researchers alike. Among the various components of an atom, the alpha particle plays a significant role in understanding nuclear physics. An alpha particle is a type of subatomic particle that is composed of two protons and two neutrons, which are tightly bound together. This composition makes it identical to a helium nucleus. The discovery of alpha particles dates back to the early 20th century when Ernest Rutherford conducted groundbreaking experiments that led to the identification of these particles. Alpha particles are emitted during radioactive decay, particularly from heavy elements such as uranium and radium. When an unstable nucleus releases an alpha particle, it transforms into a different element, thus undergoing a process known as alpha decay. This process is crucial in understanding the stability of atomic nuclei and the mechanisms behind radioactivity. One of the most interesting aspects of alpha particles is their ability to ionize other atoms. Because they carry a positive charge, alpha particles can easily interact with electrons in surrounding atoms. This interaction results in the ionization of those atoms, which can lead to chemical reactions or even biological damage if the alpha particles are emitted within living tissues. For this reason, while alpha particles have limited penetration power and can be stopped by a sheet of paper, they can be extremely harmful if ingested or inhaled. In addition to their role in natural radioactivity, alpha particles have practical applications in various fields. In medicine, for instance, they are used in targeted alpha-particle therapy (TAT) for cancer treatment. By using alpha particles to deliver radiation directly to cancer cells, physicians can minimize damage to surrounding healthy tissue while effectively destroying malignant cells. This targeted approach highlights the dual nature of alpha particles: while they can be dangerous, they also hold therapeutic potential when harnessed correctly. Moreover, alpha particles are utilized in smoke detectors. In these devices, a small amount of americium-241, an isotope that emits alpha particles, ionizes the air in the detector. When smoke enters the chamber, it disrupts the flow of ions, triggering the alarm. This practical application showcases how alpha particles can be beneficial in everyday life, despite their potential hazards. In conclusion, the alpha particle is a fundamental aspect of nuclear physics and plays a vital role in both natural and artificial processes. From the insights gained through scientific research to the practical applications in medicine and safety devices, understanding alpha particles is essential for advancements in technology and health. As we continue to explore the atomic world, the significance of alpha particles will undoubtedly remain a topic of interest and importance for future generations of scientists and researchers.

原子结构的研究一直以来都吸引着科学家和研究人员。 在原子的各种组成部分中，α粒子在理解核物理方面起着重要作用。α粒子是一种亚原子粒子，由两个质子和两个中子紧密结合而成。 这种组成使其与氦核相同。α粒子的发现可以追溯到20世纪初，当时欧内斯特·卢瑟福（Ernest Rutherford）进行了开创性的实验，识别出这些粒子。α粒子是在放射性衰变过程中释放的，特别是来自铀和镭等重元素。当一个不稳定的原子核释放α粒子时，它会转变为不同的元素，从而经历称为α衰变的过程。 这个过程对于理解原子核的稳定性和放射性的机制至关重要。α粒子最有趣的方面之一是它们能够电离其他原子。由于它们带有正电荷，α粒子可以很容易地与周围原子的电子相互作用。 这种相互作用导致这些原子的电离，可能导致化学反应或甚至生物损伤，如果α粒子在活组织内释放。因此，虽然α粒子的穿透力有限，可以被一张纸阻挡，但如果被摄入或吸入，它们可能会非常有害。除了在自然放射性中的作用外，α粒子在各个领域也有实际应用。 例如，在医学中，它们用于癌症治疗中的靶向α粒子疗法（TAT）。 通过使用α粒子直接向癌细胞输送辐射，医生可以最大限度地减少对周围健康组织的损害，同时有效地摧毁恶性细胞。 这种靶向方法突显了α粒子的双重性质：虽然它们可能是危险的，但在正确利用时也具有治疗潜力。此外，α粒子还用于烟雾探测器。在这些设备中，少量铀-241（发射α粒子的同位素）电离探测器中的空气。当烟雾进入腔室时，它会干扰离子的流动，从而触发警报。 这个实际应用展示了α粒子如何在日常生活中带来好处，尽管它们具有潜在的危害。总之，α粒子是核物理的基本方面，在自然和人工过程中发挥着重要作用。从科学研究获得的见解到医学和安全设备中的实际应用，理解α粒子对于技术和健康的进步至关重要。 随着我们继续探索原子世界，α粒子的重要性无疑将继续成为未来科学家和研究人员感兴趣和重要的话题。