cancer gene

简明释义

癌基因

英英释义

例句

1.Mutations in the cancer gene 癌症基因 can lead to uncontrolled cell growth.

在癌症基因 癌症基因中的突变可能导致细胞失控生长。

2.Researchers have identified a new cancer gene 癌症基因 that may contribute to breast cancer.

研究人员已发现一种新的癌症基因 癌症基因，可能与乳腺癌有关。

3.Scientists are studying how cancer genes 癌症基因 interact with environmental factors.

科学家正在研究癌症基因 癌症基因如何与环境因素相互作用。

4.The presence of a specific cancer gene 癌症基因 can increase a person's risk of developing certain types of cancer.

特定的癌症基因 癌症基因的存在可能会增加一个人患某些类型癌症的风险。

5.Genetic testing can help identify whether someone carries a cancer gene 癌症基因 linked to hereditary cancers.

基因检测可以帮助识别某人是否携带与遗传性癌症相关的癌症基因 癌症基因。

作文

Cancer is one of the most devastating diseases known to humanity, affecting millions of people worldwide. At the heart of many cancers lies a complex interplay of genetics and environmental factors. One crucial aspect of this genetic component is what we refer to as the cancer gene. A cancer gene is a gene that has been found to have a direct link to the development of cancer when mutated or expressed abnormally. Understanding these genes is vital for both prevention and treatment of various types of cancer.The study of cancer genes began in earnest in the late 20th century when researchers discovered that certain genes, when altered, could lead to uncontrolled cell growth – a hallmark of cancer. These genes can be broadly categorized into two groups: oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Oncogenes are mutated forms of normal genes that promote cell division and survival. When these genes become overactive, they can push cells towards a cancerous state. On the other hand, tumor suppressor genes normally function to inhibit cell division or promote apoptosis (programmed cell death). When these genes are mutated or lost, cells can grow uncontrollably, leading to tumor formation.One of the most well-known cancer genes is the BRCA1 gene, which is linked to breast and ovarian cancer. Women who inherit a mutation in this gene have a significantly higher risk of developing these cancers compared to those without the mutation. This discovery has led to increased awareness and testing for individuals with a family history of these cancers. Moreover, targeted therapies have been developed that specifically address the vulnerabilities caused by mutations in cancer genes. For instance, PARP inhibitors are used in patients with BRCA mutations to effectively kill cancer cells while sparing normal cells.Another important cancer gene is the TP53 gene, often referred to as the 'guardian of the genome'. This gene plays a critical role in controlling the cell cycle and preventing the proliferation of cells with damaged DNA. Mutations in the TP53 gene are found in a wide variety of cancers, making it one of the most frequently altered genes in human tumors. Research into TP53 has provided insights into how cancers develop and progress, paving the way for potential new therapies that restore its normal function.The implications of understanding cancer genes extend beyond individual treatment. They also encompass public health strategies aimed at cancer prevention. Genetic screening for known cancer genes can identify individuals at high risk, allowing for proactive measures such as increased surveillance or preventive surgeries. Additionally, knowledge of these genes can inform lifestyle choices, as some environmental factors may interact with genetic predispositions to influence cancer risk.In conclusion, the study of cancer genes is an evolving field that holds great promise for improving cancer outcomes. By unraveling the complexities of how these genes contribute to cancer development, researchers are paving the way for more effective treatments and preventive strategies. As our understanding deepens, it is essential that we continue to educate the public about the significance of cancer genes in order to foster a proactive approach to cancer care and prevention. The fight against cancer is multifaceted, but with the knowledge gained from studying cancer genes, we are better equipped to combat this formidable disease.

癌症是人类已知的最具破坏性的疾病之一，影响着全球数百万人。在许多癌症的核心，是遗传和环境因素之间复杂的相互作用。其中一个关键方面就是我们所称的癌基因。癌基因是指在突变或异常表达时，与癌症的发展有直接联系的基因。理解这些基因对于各种类型癌症的预防和治疗至关重要。对癌基因的研究始于20世纪末，当时研究人员发现某些基因在改变后可能导致细胞不受控制地生长——这是癌症的一个标志。这些基因可以大致分为两类：癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因。癌基因是正常基因的突变形式，促进细胞分裂和存活。当这些基因变得过于活跃时，它们可能会推动细胞进入癌变状态。另一方面，肿瘤抑制基因通常起到抑制细胞分裂或促进程序性细胞死亡（凋亡）的作用。当这些基因突变或丧失时，细胞会不受控制地生长，导致肿瘤形成。最著名的癌基因之一是BRCA1基因，它与乳腺癌和卵巢癌有关。携带该基因突变的女性相比于没有突变的女性，发展这些癌症的风险显著增加。这一发现提高了人们对这些癌症的认识和检测，尤其是对于有家族史的人。此外，针对特定癌基因突变的靶向疗法也已开发出来。例如，PARP抑制剂被用于BRCA突变患者，有效杀死癌细胞，同时保护正常细胞。另一个重要的癌基因是TP53基因，通常被称为“基因组的守护者”。这个基因在控制细胞周期和防止受损DNA细胞增殖中发挥着关键作用。TP53基因的突变在多种癌症中都能找到，使其成为人类肿瘤中最常见的改变基因之一。对TP53的研究提供了对癌症如何发展和进展的深入见解，为恢复其正常功能的新疗法铺平了道路。了解癌基因的意义不仅限于个体治疗。它们还涵盖了旨在癌症预防的公共卫生策略。对已知的癌基因进行基因筛查可以识别高风险个体，从而采取主动措施，例如增加监测或预防性手术。此外，了解这些基因可以帮助人们做出生活方式选择，因为一些环境因素可能与遗传倾向相互作用，从而影响癌症风险。总之，癌基因的研究是一个不断发展的领域，蕴含着改善癌症结果的巨大潜力。通过揭示这些基因如何促成癌症发展的复杂性，研究人员正在为更有效的治疗和预防策略铺平道路。随着我们理解的加深，继续教育公众关于癌基因的重要性，以促进对癌症护理和预防的主动方法，是至关重要的。抗击癌症的斗争是多方面的，但通过对癌基因的研究，我们更有能力应对这一强大的疾病。