antigenic mutant

简明释义

抗原突变体

英英释义

例句

1.The identification of an antigenic mutant led to changes in the public health guidelines.

一个抗原突变体的识别导致公共卫生指南的变化。

2.Vaccines may need to be updated regularly to account for new antigenic mutants that emerge.

疫苗可能需要定期更新，以应对新出现的抗原突变体。

3.In laboratory tests, the antigenic mutant showed resistance to previously effective treatments.

在实验室测试中，抗原突变体对以前有效的治疗显示出抵抗力。

4.The recent outbreak was traced back to an antigenic mutant, which is a variant that has changed its surface proteins.

最近的疫情追溯到一个抗原突变体，这是一个改变了表面蛋白的变种。

5.Researchers are studying the antigenic mutant of the virus to understand how it evades the immune response.

研究人员正在研究该病毒的抗原突变体，以了解它如何逃避免疫反应。

作文

In the field of immunology and virology, the term antigenic mutant refers to a variant of a pathogen that has undergone changes in its surface proteins, which are recognized by the immune system. These mutations can occur in various microorganisms, including viruses and bacteria, and they play a crucial role in how these pathogens evade the host's immune response. Understanding the concept of antigenic mutant is vital for developing effective vaccines and treatments against infectious diseases.When a pathogen infects a host, the immune system mounts a response to eliminate it. This response is primarily based on the recognition of specific antigens—molecules that provoke an immune response. However, when a pathogen becomes an antigenic mutant, it alters its antigens, making it more difficult for the immune system to recognize and combat it. This phenomenon is particularly evident in viruses like influenza, which can rapidly mutate and produce new strains that may not be effectively targeted by existing vaccines.The emergence of antigenic mutants poses significant challenges for public health. For instance, during the seasonal flu outbreak, health officials must constantly monitor circulating strains of the virus to update vaccine formulations. If a new strain emerges that is significantly different from previous strains due to antigenic mutation, the vaccine may be less effective, leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates among the population.Moreover, the concept of antigenic mutants extends beyond just viral infections. Bacteria can also develop resistance to antibiotics through mutations, which can affect their surface antigens. This can result in the bacteria evading detection by the immune system or becoming resistant to treatment. For example, the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae can exhibit antigenic mutant characteristics, complicating the treatment of infections it causes.In addition to the direct implications for treatment and prevention, the study of antigenic mutants provides insights into the evolutionary dynamics of pathogens. By analyzing how and why these mutations occur, researchers can better understand the pressures that drive microbial evolution. This knowledge is crucial for predicting potential outbreaks and developing strategies to mitigate their impact.To address the challenges posed by antigenic mutants, scientists are exploring various approaches. One promising strategy involves the use of universal vaccines, which aim to provide broader protection against multiple strains of a pathogen. This approach seeks to target conserved regions of antigens that are less likely to mutate, thereby reducing the likelihood of vaccine failure due to antigenic mutants.In conclusion, the term antigenic mutant encapsulates a critical aspect of pathogen biology that has profound implications for human health. As pathogens evolve, understanding their mechanisms of mutation and the resulting changes in antigenicity is essential for developing effective vaccines and treatments. The ongoing research in this area will continue to shape our responses to infectious diseases and help safeguard public health in an ever-changing microbial landscape.

在免疫学和病毒学领域，术语抗原突变体指的是病原体表面蛋白质发生变化的变种，这些蛋白质被免疫系统识别。这些突变可以发生在各种微生物中，包括病毒和细菌，并且在这些病原体如何逃避宿主免疫反应方面发挥着至关重要的作用。理解抗原突变体的概念对于开发有效的疫苗和治疗传染病至关重要。当病原体感染宿主时，免疫系统会发起反应以消灭它。这种反应主要基于对特定抗原的识别——引发免疫反应的分子。然而，当病原体成为抗原突变体时，它会改变其抗原，使免疫系统更难以识别和对抗它。这种现象在流感病毒等病毒中尤为明显，流感病毒可以迅速突变并产生新的毒株，而这些毒株可能无法有效地被现有疫苗针对。抗原突变体的出现给公共卫生带来了重大挑战。例如，在季节性流感爆发期间，卫生官员必须不断监测流行的病毒毒株，以更新疫苗配方。如果由于抗原突变而出现与之前毒株显著不同的新毒株，疫苗的效果可能会降低，从而导致人群中发病率和死亡率增加。此外，抗原突变体的概念不仅限于病毒感染。细菌也可以通过突变对抗生素产生耐药性，这可能影响其表面抗原。这可能导致细菌逃避免疫系统的检测或对治疗产生耐药性。例如，肺炎球菌可能表现出抗原突变体特征，复杂化了其引发的感染的治疗。除了对治疗和预防的直接影响之外，研究抗原突变体还提供了对病原体进化动态的深入了解。通过分析这些突变是如何以及为什么发生的，研究人员可以更好地理解驱动微生物进化的压力。这一知识对于预测潜在的疫情和制定减轻其影响的策略至关重要。为了应对抗原突变体带来的挑战，科学家们正在探索各种方法。一种有前景的策略是使用通用疫苗，旨在提供对多种病原体毒株的更广泛保护。这种方法旨在针对不太可能突变的抗原保守区域，从而减少由于抗原突变体导致疫苗失效的可能性。总之，术语抗原突变体概括了病原生物学的一个关键方面，这对人类健康具有深远的影响。随着病原体的进化，理解它们的突变机制及其导致的抗原性变化对于开发有效的疫苗和治疗至关重要。在这一领域的持续研究将继续塑造我们对传染病的应对措施，并帮助保护公共健康，抵御不断变化的微生物环境。