amino group

简明释义

氨基

英英释义

例句

1.The presence of an amino group (氨基) in the molecule is crucial for its biological activity.

分子中存在的氨基（氨基）对其生物活性至关重要。

2.The amino group (氨基) can influence the solubility of compounds in water.

氨基（氨基）会影响化合物在水中的溶解度。

3.When analyzing protein structure, scientists often focus on the amino group (氨基) of the amino acids.

在分析蛋白质结构时，科学家通常关注氨基酸的氨基（氨基）。

4.In amino acids, the amino group (氨基) is responsible for forming peptide bonds.

在氨基酸中，氨基（氨基）负责形成肽键。

5.The amino group (氨基) can act as a base, accepting protons in solution.

氨基（氨基）可以作为碱，在溶液中接受质子。

作文

The structure of organic compounds is fundamental to understanding biological processes. One of the key components in many organic molecules, particularly amino acids, is the amino group (氨基). This functional group consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms, represented chemically as -NH2. The presence of the amino group is crucial for the formation of proteins, which are essential macromolecules in all living organisms. Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, contain an amino group that plays a significant role in their chemical behavior and interactions. Each amino acid has a central carbon atom attached to four different groups: a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group (-COOH), an amino group, and a variable side chain known as the R group. The identity of the R group determines the specific properties of each amino acid, influencing how proteins fold and function. In terms of biological significance, the amino group contributes to the overall polarity and charge of amino acids at physiological pH. This characteristic affects how they interact with each other and with other molecules in the body. For instance, the ionization of the amino group can lead to the formation of ionic bonds between amino acids, which is vital for maintaining the three-dimensional structure of proteins. Moreover, the amino group is involved in various biochemical reactions, including the synthesis of neurotransmitters and hormones. For example, the amino group from the amino acid tryptophan is a precursor for serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood and behavior. Similarly, the amino group in phenylalanine can be converted into tyrosine, which is essential for producing dopamine and norepinephrine, neurotransmitters that play critical roles in the nervous system. The importance of the amino group extends beyond just amino acids; it is also found in other biological molecules such as nucleotides and certain coenzymes. In nucleotides, the presence of an amino group can influence the stability and functionality of DNA and RNA. For instance, the amino groups in cytosine and adenine contribute to the hydrogen bonding patterns that stabilize the double helix structure of DNA. Understanding the amino group is also vital in the field of medicine and pharmacology. Many drugs are designed to interact with amino acids and proteins, and modifications to the amino group can alter the efficacy and safety of these medications. For example, certain antibiotics target bacterial ribosomes, which are composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins that contain amino groups. By disrupting the function of these ribosomes, antibiotics can effectively inhibit bacterial growth. In conclusion, the amino group is a fundamental component of organic chemistry and biochemistry, playing a pivotal role in the structure and function of amino acids, proteins, and various biological molecules. Its significance in physiological processes, biochemical reactions, and medical applications underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of this functional group. As research continues to unveil the complexities of molecular interactions, the amino group will undoubtedly remain a key focus in the study of life sciences.

有机化合物的结构对于理解生物过程至关重要。在许多有机分子中，特别是氨基酸中，一个关键成分是氨基（amino group）。这个功能团由一个氮原子与两个氢原子结合而成，化学表示为-NH2。氨基的存在对于蛋白质的形成至关重要，而蛋白质是所有生物体中必不可少的大分子。氨基酸是蛋白质的基本构件，含有一个氨基，这在它们的化学行为和相互作用中起着重要作用。每个氨基酸都有一个中央碳原子，连接着四个不同的基团：一个氢原子、一个羧基（-COOH）、一个氨基和一个称为R基团的可变侧链。R基团的身份决定了每种氨基酸的特定性质，影响蛋白质的折叠和功能。从生物学意义上讲，氨基的存在影响氨基酸在生理pH下的极性和电荷。这一特性影响着它们之间以及与其他分子在体内的相互作用。例如，氨基的离子化可以导致氨基酸之间形成离子键，这对于维持蛋白质的三维结构至关重要。此外，氨基参与各种生化反应，包括神经递质和激素的合成。例如，氨基酸色氨酸中的氨基是合成血清素的前体，血清素是一种调节情绪和行为的神经递质。类似地，苯丙氨酸中的氨基可以转化为酪氨酸，后者对产生多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素至关重要，这些神经递质在神经系统中发挥着关键作用。氨基的重要性不仅限于氨基酸；它在其他生物分子中也发现，例如核苷酸和某些辅酶。在核苷酸中，氨基的存在可能影响DNA和RNA的稳定性和功能。例如，细胞嘧啶和腺嘌呤中的氨基有助于稳定DNA双螺旋结构的氢键模式。理解氨基在医学和药理学领域也至关重要。许多药物被设计用于与氨基酸和蛋白质相互作用，对氨基的修饰可以改变这些药物的有效性和安全性。例如，某些抗生素靶向细菌核糖体，而核糖体由含有氨基的核糖核酸和蛋白质组成。通过干扰这些核糖体的功能，抗生素可以有效抑制细菌生长。总之，氨基是有机化学和生物化学的基本组成部分，在氨基酸、蛋白质和各种生物分子的结构和功能中发挥着关键作用。它在生理过程、生化反应和医学应用中的重要性突显了全面理解这一功能团的必要性。随着研究继续揭示分子相互作用的复杂性，氨基无疑将继续成为生命科学研究的重点。