amino acid residue

简明释义

氨基酸残基

英英释义

例句

1.Mutations can alter a single amino acid residue, potentially affecting protein function.

突变可以改变一个单一的氨基酸残基，可能会影响蛋白质的功能。

2.The protein structure is stabilized by the interactions between different amino acid residues.

蛋白质结构通过不同氨基酸残基之间的相互作用而稳定。

3.Each amino acid residue contributes to the overall charge of the protein.

每个氨基酸残基对蛋白质的整体电荷都有贡献。

4.In this experiment, we will analyze the sequence of amino acid residues in the protein.

在这个实验中，我们将分析蛋白质中氨基酸残基的序列。

5.The enzyme's active site is composed of several key amino acid residues.

酶的活性位点由几个关键的氨基酸残基组成。

作文

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and they play a crucial role in various biological processes. When proteins are synthesized, they are formed from a long chain of amino acids linked together through peptide bonds. Each individual unit in this chain is referred to as an amino acid residue, which is essentially the part of the amino acid that remains after the formation of the peptide bond. This term is significant because it highlights the fact that when amino acids come together to form proteins, they undergo a transformation where certain parts are lost, specifically the amino group and the carboxyl group of adjacent amino acids. Thus, the amino acid residue represents the core structure that contributes to the protein's final shape and function.Understanding the significance of amino acid residues is essential in biochemistry and molecular biology. Each amino acid residue has unique properties based on its side chain, or R-group, which can be hydrophobic, hydrophilic, charged, or neutral. These characteristics influence how the protein folds and interacts with other molecules. For example, hydrophobic amino acid residues tend to cluster together in the interior of the protein structure, away from water, while hydrophilic amino acid residues are often found on the surface, interacting with the aqueous environment. This arrangement is crucial for the stability and functionality of proteins.Furthermore, the sequence of amino acid residues in a protein, known as its primary structure, dictates the overall three-dimensional shape, or tertiary structure, of the protein. The specific order of amino acid residues determines how the protein will fold, and any alteration in this sequence can lead to changes in the protein’s function. For instance, a single mutation in the DNA sequence that encodes a protein can result in a different amino acid residue being incorporated, potentially leading to a malfunctioning protein that causes diseases such as sickle cell anemia.In addition to their structural roles, amino acid residues are also involved in enzymatic reactions. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions, and specific amino acid residues within the active site of the enzyme are critical for substrate binding and catalysis. The precise arrangement of these residues allows enzymes to lower the activation energy of reactions, facilitating metabolic processes vital for life.In conclusion, the concept of amino acid residues is fundamental to understanding protein structure and function. Each amino acid residue contributes to the unique properties of proteins, influencing their stability, interactions, and roles within biological systems. As research continues to uncover the complexities of protein interactions and functions, the study of amino acid residues will remain a pivotal area of focus in the fields of biochemistry and molecular biology.

氨基酸是蛋白质的基本组成单位，在各种生物过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。当蛋白质合成时，它们是由一长链氨基酸通过肽键连接而成的。这个链中的每一个单元被称为氨基酸残基，它本质上是指在形成肽键后氨基酸剩下的部分。这个术语很重要，因为它强调了氨基酸在结合形成蛋白质时经历了一种转变，其中某些部分丢失，特别是相邻氨基酸的氨基和羧基。因此，氨基酸残基代表了有助于蛋白质最终形状和功能的核心结构。理解氨基酸残基的重要性对于生物化学和分子生物学至关重要。每个氨基酸残基根据其侧链或R-基团具有独特的性质，这些性质可以是疏水性的、亲水性的、带电的或中性的。这些特征影响蛋白质的折叠方式以及与其他分子的相互作用。例如，疏水性的氨基酸残基往往聚集在蛋白质结构的内部，远离水，而亲水性的氨基酸残基通常位于表面，与水环境相互作用。这种排列对于蛋白质的稳定性和功能至关重要。此外，蛋白质中氨基酸残基的序列，被称为其一级结构，决定了蛋白质的整体三维形状或三级结构。氨基酸残基的具体顺序决定了蛋白质的折叠方式，任何这种序列的改变都可能导致蛋白质功能的改变。例如，编码蛋白质的DNA序列中的单一突变可能导致不同的氨基酸残基被纳入，从而可能导致功能失常的蛋白质，进而引发像镰状细胞贫血这样的疾病。除了结构作用外，氨基酸残基还参与酶促反应。酶是催化生化反应的蛋白质，酶的活性位点内的特定氨基酸残基对于底物结合和催化至关重要。这些残基的精确排列使得酶能够降低反应的活化能，促进对生命至关重要的代谢过程。总之，氨基酸残基的概念是理解蛋白质结构和功能的基础。每个氨基酸残基都有助于蛋白质的独特性质，影响其稳定性、相互作用及在生物系统中的角色。随着研究不断揭示蛋白质相互作用和功能的复杂性，对氨基酸残基的研究将继续成为生物化学和分子生物学领域的重点关注领域。