adoptive immunity

简明释义

继承性免疫

英英释义

例句

1.Research indicates that adoptive immunity plays a crucial role in long-term health.

研究表明，适应性免疫在长期健康中起着关键作用。

2.Children often develop adoptive immunity through natural infections.

儿童通常通过自然感染发展出适应性免疫。

3.The body develops adoptive immunity after exposure to a pathogen.

身体在接触病原体后会发展出适应性免疫。

4.Vaccination is a method to stimulate adoptive immunity without causing disease.

疫苗接种是一种刺激适应性免疫而不引发疾病的方法。

5.Therapies targeting adoptive immunity are being developed for cancer treatment.

针对适应性免疫的疗法正在开发用于癌症治疗。

作文

Adoptive immunity, or 适应性免疫, is a crucial aspect of the immune system that allows the body to develop a targeted response to specific pathogens. Unlike innate immunity, which provides immediate but non-specific defense against infections, 适应性免疫 involves a more sophisticated mechanism that takes time to activate but results in a highly specialized response. This type of immunity is primarily mediated by lymphocytes, which include T cells and B cells. When a pathogen invades the body, it is recognized by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that process the foreign material and present its antigens to T cells. This interaction is vital for the activation of T cells, which play a key role in orchestrating the immune response. Once activated, T cells can differentiate into various subtypes, such as helper T cells that assist B cells in producing antibodies, or cytotoxic T cells that directly kill infected cells. This process exemplifies how 适应性免疫 tailors the immune response to effectively combat specific threats. B cells, on the other hand, are responsible for producing antibodies that specifically target the antigens of pathogens. When a B cell encounters its corresponding antigen, it undergoes clonal expansion, resulting in a population of identical B cells that can produce large quantities of antibodies. These antibodies bind to the pathogen, neutralizing it or marking it for destruction by other immune cells. The production of antibodies is a hallmark of 适应性免疫, providing long-lasting protection against future infections by the same pathogen. A significant feature of 适应性免疫 is its ability to remember past infections. After an initial exposure to a pathogen, memory T and B cells are formed. These memory cells persist in the body for years, sometimes even a lifetime, allowing for a quicker and more robust response upon subsequent exposures to the same pathogen. This principle is the foundation of vaccination, where a harmless form of the pathogen is introduced to stimulate the immune system and establish memory without causing disease. The development of 适应性免疫 is not only vital for individual health but also for public health. Vaccination programs have successfully eradicated or controlled many infectious diseases, demonstrating the power of this immune response. However, challenges arise with the emergence of new pathogens and variants, which can evade the existing immune memory. This highlights the importance of ongoing research in immunology to understand and enhance 适应性免疫. In conclusion, 适应性免疫 is a sophisticated and essential component of the immune system that enables the body to mount targeted responses against specific pathogens. Through the actions of T cells and B cells, the immune system not only fights off infections but also retains the ability to respond more efficiently to future encounters with the same pathogens. Understanding the mechanisms behind 适应性免疫 is crucial for developing effective vaccines and therapies to combat infectious diseases, ultimately improving global health outcomes.

适应性免疫是免疫系统的一个关键方面，使身体能够对特定病原体发展出针对性的反应。与提供即时但非特异性防御的先天免疫不同，适应性免疫涉及一种更复杂的机制，它需要时间来激活，但会产生高度专业化的反应。这种免疫类型主要由淋巴细胞介导，包括T细胞和B细胞。当病原体侵入身体时，抗原呈递细胞（APCs）识别病原体，处理外来物质并将其抗原呈递给T细胞。这一相互作用对于T细胞的激活至关重要，T细胞在协调免疫反应中起着关键作用。一旦被激活，T细胞可以分化为各种亚型，例如帮助B细胞产生抗体的辅助T细胞，或直接杀死感染细胞的细胞毒性T细胞。这一过程展示了适应性免疫如何量身定制免疫反应，以有效对抗特定威胁。另一方面，B细胞负责产生专门针对病原体抗原的抗体。当B细胞遇到其对应的抗原时，它会经历克隆扩增，产生大量相同的B细胞，能够产生大量抗体。这些抗体与病原体结合，中和它或标记其供其他免疫细胞摧毁。抗体的产生是适应性免疫的一个标志，为未来对同一病原体的感染提供持久的保护。适应性免疫的一个显著特征是其记忆过去感染的能力。在首次暴露于病原体后，会形成记忆T细胞和B细胞。这些记忆细胞在体内持续存在多年，有时甚至终生，使得在再次接触同一病原体时能够更快、更强烈地反应。这一原理是疫苗接种的基础，其中引入一种无害形式的病原体，以刺激免疫系统并建立记忆，而不会引起疾病。适应性免疫的发展不仅对个人健康至关重要，而且对公共健康也同样重要。疫苗接种计划成功地根除或控制了许多传染病，展示了这种免疫反应的力量。然而，随着新病原体和变种的出现，挑战也随之而来，这些病原体可能逃避现有的免疫记忆。这突显了免疫学研究的持续重要性，以理解和增强适应性免疫。总之，适应性免疫是免疫系统的一个复杂而重要的组成部分，使身体能够对特定病原体发起针对性的反应。通过T细胞和B细胞的作用，免疫系统不仅能够抵御感染，还能保留在未来与同一病原体的接触中更有效地反应的能力。理解适应性免疫背后的机制对开发有效的疫苗和治疗方法以对抗传染病至关重要，最终改善全球健康结果。