adenylate kinase

简明释义

腺苷酸激酶

英英释义

例句

1.In the laboratory, scientists measured the activity of adenylate kinase to assess cell viability.

在实验室中，科学家测量了腺苷酸激酶的活性以评估细胞的生存能力。

2.The enzyme adenylate kinase plays a crucial role in cellular energy homeostasis.

酶腺苷酸激酶在细胞能量稳态中起着至关重要的作用。

3.The adenylate kinase enzyme is often used as a biomarker for certain diseases.

腺苷酸激酶酶常被用作某些疾病的生物标志物。

4.Mutations in the adenylate kinase gene can lead to metabolic disorders.

在腺苷酸激酶基因中的突变可能导致代谢紊乱。

5.Research showed that adenylate kinase is involved in ATP regeneration during muscle contraction.

研究表明，腺苷酸激酶参与肌肉收缩过程中的ATP再生。

作文

Adenylate kinase, or 腺苷酸激酶, is an essential enzyme found in various organisms, playing a crucial role in cellular energy homeostasis. This enzyme catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphate group from ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to AMP (adenosine monophosphate), resulting in the production of two molecules of ADP (adenosine diphosphate). The reaction can be summarized as follows: ATP + AMP ⇌ 2 ADP. This process is vital for maintaining the balance of nucleotides within the cell, which is necessary for numerous biochemical processes.The significance of 腺苷酸激酶 extends beyond mere energy management. In cells, the levels of ATP and ADP are critical indicators of the energy status. When ATP levels are high, adenylate kinase helps convert excess ATP into ADP, thus preventing the accumulation of ATP and ensuring that energy production matches cellular demand. Conversely, during periods of high energy expenditure, such as intense exercise, 腺苷酸激酶 facilitates the rapid conversion of AMP back to ADP, allowing for a quick replenishment of ATP.Moreover, 腺苷酸激酶 is involved in various signaling pathways that regulate metabolism. For instance, it plays a role in the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, which is activated during low energy states. AMPK acts as a cellular energy sensor, promoting catabolic pathways that generate ATP while inhibiting anabolic processes that consume ATP. Therefore, the activity of 腺苷酸激酶 directly influences the overall metabolic state of the cell.In addition to its metabolic functions, 腺苷酸激酶 has been implicated in various pathological conditions. Abnormalities in the function of this enzyme can lead to metabolic disorders, including mitochondrial diseases and certain types of cancer. For example, some cancer cells exhibit altered energy metabolism, leading to increased reliance on glycolysis and changes in nucleotide levels. Research into the role of 腺苷酸激酶 in these contexts may provide insights into potential therapeutic targets for treating metabolic diseases and cancer.Furthermore, the study of 腺苷酸激酶 has practical applications in biotechnology and medicine. By understanding how this enzyme operates, scientists can develop strategies to manipulate energy metabolism in cells. For instance, enhancing the activity of 腺苷酸激酶 could potentially improve the efficiency of energy production in muscle cells, which might benefit athletes or patients recovering from muscle-wasting diseases. Additionally, inhibitors of 腺苷酸激酶 could be explored as potential treatments for conditions characterized by excessive energy production, such as cancer.In conclusion, 腺苷酸激酶 is a pivotal enzyme that not only regulates cellular energy balance but also participates in broader metabolic and signaling networks. Its importance in health and disease makes it a significant focus of research in biochemistry and molecular biology. Understanding the mechanisms through which 腺苷酸激酶 operates will undoubtedly contribute to advancements in medical science and therapeutic interventions.

腺苷酸激酶（腺苷酸激酶）是各种生物体内一种重要的酶，在细胞能量稳态中发挥着关键作用。该酶催化ATP（腺苷三磷酸）向AMP（腺苷单磷酸）可逆转移磷酸基团的反应，生成两个ADP（腺苷二磷酸）分子。该反应可以总结为：ATP + AMP ⇌ 2 ADP。这个过程对于维持细胞内核苷酸的平衡至关重要，而这种平衡对许多生化过程是必要的。腺苷酸激酶的重要性不仅仅局限于能量管理。在细胞中，ATP和ADP的水平是能量状态的重要指示。当ATP水平较高时，腺苷酸激酶有助于将多余的ATP转化为ADP，从而防止ATP的积累，并确保能量生产与细胞需求相匹配。相反，在高能耗时期，例如剧烈运动时，腺苷酸激酶促进AMP迅速转化为ADP，从而快速补充ATP。此外，腺苷酸激酶参与调节代谢的各种信号通路。例如，它在AMP活化的蛋白激酶（AMPK）通路中发挥作用，该通路在能量低下状态下被激活。AMPK作为细胞能量传感器，促进产生ATP的分解代谢途径，同时抑制消耗ATP的合成代谢过程。因此，腺苷酸激酶的活性直接影响细胞的整体代谢状态。除了其代谢功能外，腺苷酸激酶还与各种病理状况有关。该酶功能的异常可能导致代谢疾病，包括线粒体疾病和某些类型的癌症。例如，一些癌细胞表现出改变的能量代谢，导致对糖酵解的依赖增加以及核苷酸水平的变化。研究腺苷酸激酶在这些背景下的作用可能为治疗代谢疾病和癌症提供潜在的治疗靶点。此外，腺苷酸激酶的研究在生物技术和医学中具有实际应用。通过理解该酶的操作方式，科学家可以开发策略来操控细胞的能量代谢。例如，增强腺苷酸激酶的活性可能改善肌肉细胞的能量生产效率，这可能有益于运动员或正在恢复肌肉萎缩疾病的患者。此外，腺苷酸激酶的抑制剂也可以作为治疗过度能量产生条件（如癌症）的潜在治疗方法进行探索。总之，腺苷酸激酶是一种关键酶，不仅调节细胞能量平衡，还参与更广泛的代谢和信号网络。它在健康和疾病中的重要性使其成为生物化学和分子生物学研究的重要焦点。理解腺苷酸激酶运作机制无疑将推动医学科学和治疗干预的发展。