acid base equilibrium

简明释义

酸 碱平衡

英英释义

例句

1.The acid base equilibrium 酸碱平衡 in blood is vital for maintaining homeostasis.

血液中的酸碱平衡 acid base equilibrium 对维持体内平衡至关重要。

2.In a swimming pool, maintaining the acid base equilibrium 酸碱平衡 is crucial for water quality and swimmer comfort.

在游泳池中，维持酸碱平衡 acid base equilibrium 对水质和游泳者的舒适性至关重要。

3.The human body relies on various mechanisms to regulate acid base equilibrium 酸碱平衡 to ensure proper physiological functions.

人体依靠各种机制来调节酸碱平衡 acid base equilibrium 以确保正常的生理功能。

4.During fermentation, yeast activity can affect the acid base equilibrium 酸碱平衡 of the substrate.

在发酵过程中，酵母的活动可以影响基质的酸碱平衡 acid base equilibrium 。

5.In soil chemistry, plants depend on the acid base equilibrium 酸碱平衡 to absorb nutrients effectively.

在土壤化学中，植物依赖于酸碱平衡 acid base equilibrium 有效吸收养分。

作文

The concept of acid base equilibrium is fundamental in the field of chemistry, particularly in understanding how acids and bases interact in various environments. At its core, acid base equilibrium refers to the state in which the concentrations of acids and their corresponding bases remain constant over time, indicating a balance between the two species. This equilibrium is crucial in many biological and environmental processes, influencing everything from metabolic pathways in living organisms to the pH levels in natural water bodies.To comprehend acid base equilibrium, one must first be familiar with the definitions of acids and bases. According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a substance that donates protons (H⁺ ions), while a base is a substance that accepts protons. When an acid dissolves in water, it releases protons, increasing the concentration of H⁺ ions in the solution. Conversely, when a base dissolves, it either releases hydroxide ions (OH⁻) or accepts protons, thereby decreasing the concentration of H⁺ ions. The interaction between these two types of substances leads to the establishment of an equilibrium state.In a typical acid-base reaction, we can observe the formation of water and a salt. For instance, when hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the products are water (H₂O) and sodium chloride (NaCl). The reaction can be represented as follows:HCl + NaOH ⇌ H₂O + NaClIn this equation, the double arrow indicates that the reaction can proceed in both directions, showcasing the dynamic nature of acid base equilibrium. The concentrations of the reactants and products reach a point where they no longer change, as long as the system remains undisturbed.The pH scale is a vital tool for quantifying the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 indicates neutrality, while values below 7 signify acidic conditions and values above 7 indicate basic conditions. The relationship between pH and the concentrations of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions is essential in maintaining acid base equilibrium. For example, in pure water at 25 degrees Celsius, the concentrations of H⁺ and OH⁻ are equal, each being 1 × 10⁻⁷ M, resulting in a neutral pH of 7.In biological systems, acid base equilibrium plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis. For instance, human blood has a tightly regulated pH range of 7.35 to 7.45. Deviations from this range can have serious physiological consequences. The body employs various mechanisms, including buffer systems, to maintain this delicate balance. Bicarbonate, for example, acts as a buffer by neutralizing excess acids or bases, ensuring that the pH remains within the optimal range for enzymatic reactions and other biochemical processes.Moreover, understanding acid base equilibrium is essential in environmental science, particularly in assessing the health of aquatic ecosystems. Changes in the pH of water bodies can affect the solubility of nutrients and toxins, impacting the organisms that inhabit these environments. Acid rain, for instance, results from the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, leading to lower pH levels in lakes and streams, which can harm aquatic life.In conclusion, acid base equilibrium is a critical concept that underpins many scientific disciplines. By understanding how acids and bases interact and establish equilibrium, we gain insight into various natural processes and the importance of maintaining balance in both biological systems and the environment. This knowledge not only enhances our comprehension of chemical principles but also equips us to address real-world challenges related to pH and chemical interactions.

酸碱平衡的概念在化学领域中是基础性的，特别是在理解酸和碱如何在各种环境中相互作用方面。酸碱平衡的核心指的是酸和相应碱的浓度在时间上保持恒定的状态，表明这两种物质之间的平衡。这种平衡在许多生物和环境过程中至关重要，影响从生物体内的新陈代谢途径到自然水体的pH水平等方方面面。要理解酸碱平衡，首先必须熟悉酸和碱的定义。根据布朗斯特德-洛瑞理论，酸是指能够释放质子（H⁺离子）的物质，而碱则是能够接受质子的物质。当酸溶解在水中时，它会释放质子，从而增加溶液中H⁺离子的浓度。相反，当碱溶解时，它要么释放氢氧根离子（OH⁻），要么接受质子，从而降低H⁺离子的浓度。这两种物质之间的相互作用导致了平衡状态的建立。在典型的酸碱反应中，我们可以观察到水和盐的形成。例如，当盐酸（HCl）与氢氧化钠（NaOH）反应时，生成的产物是水（H₂O）和氯化钠（NaCl）。该反应可表示如下：HCl + NaOH ⇌ H₂O + NaCl在这个方程中，双箭头表示反应可以在两个方向上进行，展示了酸碱平衡的动态特性。反应物和产物的浓度达到一个点，在该点上只要系统不受干扰，它们就不会再变化。pH值是量化溶液酸碱性的重要工具，范围从0到14。pH值为7表示中性，低于7的值表示酸性，超过7的值表示碱性。pH与H⁺和OH⁻离子浓度之间的关系对于维持酸碱平衡至关重要。例如，在25摄氏度的纯水中，H⁺和OH⁻的浓度相等，各为1 × 10⁻⁷ M，导致中性pH为7。在生物系统中，酸碱平衡在维持稳态方面发挥着关键作用。例如，人类血液的pH范围严格控制在7.35到7.45之间。偏离这个范围可能会对生理产生严重后果。身体通过各种机制，包括缓冲系统，来维持这种微妙的平衡。例如，碳酸氢盐作为缓冲剂，通过中和多余的酸或碱，确保pH保持在酶促反应和其他生化过程的最佳范围内。此外，理解酸碱平衡在环境科学中也至关重要，特别是在评估水生生态系统的健康方面。水体pH的变化会影响营养物质和毒素的溶解度，从而影响栖息在这些环境中的生物。例如，酸雨是由于二氧化硫和氮氧化物释放到大气中而导致的，导致湖泊和溪流的pH水平降低，这可能会危害水生生物。总之，酸碱平衡是一个关键概念，支撑着许多科学学科。通过理解酸和碱如何相互作用并建立平衡，我们可以深入了解各种自然过程以及在生物系统和环境中维持平衡的重要性。这种知识不仅增强了我们对化学原理的理解，也使我们能够应对与pH和化学相互作用相关的现实挑战。