acetylcholine receptor

简明释义

乙酰胆碱受体

英英释义

例句

1.The binding of acetylcholine to its receptor initiates muscle contraction.

乙酰胆碱与其受体结合后会启动肌肉收缩。

2.Research on the acetylcholine receptor has advanced our understanding of neurological diseases.

对乙酰胆碱受体的研究加深了我们对神经疾病的理解。

3.The acetylcholine receptor plays a crucial role in synaptic transmission.

乙酰胆碱受体在突触传递中起着至关重要的作用。

4.Inhibition of the acetylcholine receptor can lead to paralysis.

抑制乙酰胆碱受体可能导致瘫痪。

5.Drugs that target the acetylcholine receptor can help treat myasthenia gravis.

针对乙酰胆碱受体的药物可以帮助治疗重症肌无力。

作文

The human body is a complex system made up of various components that work together to maintain life. One of the essential components in this intricate network is the neurotransmitter known as acetylcholine. This chemical messenger plays a crucial role in transmitting signals between nerve cells, particularly at the neuromuscular junctions, where nerves connect with muscles. An important aspect of how acetylcholine functions is through its interaction with specific proteins known as acetylcholine receptors (乙酰胆碱受体). These receptors are located on the surface of muscle cells and neurons, and they are vital for muscle contraction and other neurological processes.When a nerve impulse reaches the end of a neuron, it triggers the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft, the small gap between the neuron and the muscle cell. Once released, acetylcholine binds to the acetylcholine receptors (乙酰胆碱受体) on the muscle cell membrane. This binding action causes the receptors to undergo a conformational change, which opens ion channels and allows sodium ions to flow into the muscle cell. The influx of sodium ions leads to depolarization of the muscle cell membrane, resulting in muscle contraction.The importance of acetylcholine receptors (乙酰胆碱受体) extends beyond just muscle function; they also play a significant role in cognitive processes such as learning and memory. In the brain, acetylcholine is involved in modulating attention, arousal, and the formation of memories. The presence of acetylcholine receptors (乙酰胆碱受体) in various brain regions highlights their importance in facilitating communication between neurons, which is essential for proper brain function.However, dysfunction in the signaling pathway involving acetylcholine and its receptors can lead to various medical conditions. For example, myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by weakness in voluntary muscles. In this condition, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the acetylcholine receptors (乙酰胆碱受体), preventing acetylcholine from effectively stimulating muscle contraction. This results in severe fatigue and muscle weakness, significantly impacting the quality of life for those affected.Moreover, research has shown that alterations in acetylcholine receptors (乙酰胆碱受体) may be linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. In Alzheimer's patients, the loss of cholinergic neurons leads to a reduction in acetylcholine levels and a subsequent decrease in receptor activity. This decline contributes to cognitive deficits and memory loss associated with the disease.In conclusion, acetylcholine receptors (乙酰胆碱受体) are integral to both muscular and neurological functions in the human body. Their role in mediating the effects of acetylcholine makes them critical for muscle contraction and cognitive processes. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these receptors not only sheds light on normal physiological functions but also paves the way for potential therapeutic approaches to treat conditions related to their dysfunction. As research continues to evolve, the significance of acetylcholine receptors (乙酰胆碱受体) in health and disease remains a vital area of exploration.

人类身体是一个复杂的系统，由各种组件组成，这些组件共同作用以维持生命。在这个错综复杂的网络中，一个重要的组成部分是神经递质——乙酰胆碱。这个化学信使在神经细胞之间传递信号方面发挥着至关重要的作用，尤其是在神经肌肉接头处，即神经与肌肉连接的地方。乙酰胆碱功能的一个重要方面是它与特定蛋白质的相互作用，这些蛋白质被称为乙酰胆碱受体（acetylcholine receptors）。这些受体位于肌肉细胞和神经元的表面，对于肌肉收缩和其他神经过程至关重要。当神经冲动到达神经元末端时，它会触发乙酰胆碱释放到突触间隙，即神经元与肌肉细胞之间的小间隙。一旦释放，乙酰胆碱便与肌肉细胞膜上的乙酰胆碱受体（acetylcholine receptors）结合。这种结合作用导致受体发生构象变化，从而打开离子通道，使钠离子流入肌肉细胞。钠离子的流入导致肌肉细胞膜去极化，进而引发肌肉收缩。乙酰胆碱受体（acetylcholine receptors）的重要性不仅限于肌肉功能；它们在学习和记忆等认知过程中也起着重要作用。在大脑中，乙酰胆碱参与调节注意力、觉醒和记忆的形成。乙酰胆碱受体（acetylcholine receptors）在不同大脑区域的存在突显了它们在促进神经元之间的沟通中的重要性，这对于正常的大脑功能至关重要。然而，涉及乙酰胆碱及其受体的信号传导途径的功能障碍可能导致各种医学疾病。例如，重症肌无力是一种自身免疫性疾病，其特征是自主肌肉的无力。在这种情况下，机体的免疫系统错误地攻击乙酰胆碱受体（acetylcholine receptors），阻止乙酰胆碱有效刺激肌肉收缩。这导致严重的疲劳和肌肉无力，显著影响患者的生活质量。此外，研究表明，乙酰胆碱受体（acetylcholine receptors）的改变可能与阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病有关。在阿尔茨海默病患者中，胆碱能神经元的丧失导致乙酰胆碱水平降低，并随之减少受体活性。这一下降促成了与该疾病相关的认知缺陷和记忆丧失。总之，乙酰胆碱受体（acetylcholine receptors）对人类身体的肌肉和神经功能至关重要。它们在介导乙酰胆碱的作用中的角色使其对肌肉收缩和认知过程至关重要。理解这些受体背后的机制不仅揭示了正常生理功能，而且为治疗与其功能障碍相关的疾病提供了潜在的治疗方法。随着研究的不断发展，乙酰胆碱受体（acetylcholine receptors）在健康和疾病中的重要性仍然是一个重要的探索领域。