pyruvic acid

简明释义

丙酮酸

英英释义

例句

1.The production of pyruvic acid is a key step in the metabolic pathway of carbohydrates.

产生丙酮酸是碳水化合物代谢途径中的关键步骤。

2.During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid, which is essential for cellular respiration.

在糖酵解过程中，葡萄糖被分解为两个分子丙酮酸，这是细胞呼吸所必需的。

3.Researchers are studying how pyruvic acid levels affect energy metabolism in athletes.

研究人员正在研究丙酮酸水平如何影响运动员的能量代谢。

4.In the absence of oxygen, pyruvic acid can be converted into lactic acid in muscle cells.

在缺氧的情况下，肌肉细胞中的丙酮酸可以转化为乳酸。

5.In biochemistry, pyruvic acid is often used as a substrate in various enzymatic reactions.

在生物化学中，丙酮酸常用作各种酶促反应的底物。

作文

Pyruvic acid, represented chemically as C3H4O3, is a key intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the body. It plays a crucial role in cellular respiration and energy production. When glucose is broken down during glycolysis, it is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular functions.Once formed, pyruvic acid can undergo different metabolic processes depending on the availability of oxygen. In aerobic conditions, it is transported into the mitochondria, where it is further oxidized in the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle). Here, it is transformed into acetyl-CoA, which enters the cycle to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell. This transformation is vital for the efficient production of energy, allowing organisms to sustain their biological functions.In contrast, when oxygen is scarce, such as during intense exercise, pyruvic acid can be converted into lactic acid through a process called fermentation. This conversion allows glycolysis to continue producing ATP, albeit less efficiently than aerobic respiration. The accumulation of lactic acid can lead to muscle fatigue, but it also serves as a temporary solution to maintain energy production when oxygen levels are low.Moreover, pyruvic acid is not only a product of glucose metabolism; it is also involved in the metabolism of fats and proteins. Fatty acids can be converted into acetyl-CoA, which ultimately contributes to the pool of pyruvic acid. Similarly, certain amino acids can be deaminated and converted into pyruvic acid or its derivatives, integrating protein metabolism into the energy-producing pathways of the cell.The significance of pyruvic acid extends beyond mere energy production. It is also involved in various biosynthetic pathways. For instance, pyruvic acid can serve as a precursor for the synthesis of alanine, an important amino acid that plays a role in protein synthesis and metabolism. Additionally, it can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis, particularly in the liver, thus contributing to blood sugar regulation.In clinical settings, measuring levels of pyruvic acid can provide valuable insights into an individual’s metabolic state. Elevated levels may indicate issues such as lactic acidosis or impaired mitochondrial function, while low levels might suggest insufficient carbohydrate intake or metabolic disorders. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of pyruvic acid is essential for both health professionals and researchers.In summary, pyruvic acid is a central metabolite in the biochemical landscape of living organisms. Its role in energy production, metabolic flexibility, and biosynthesis makes it a compound of great interest in both physiology and medicine. By continuing to explore the functions and implications of pyruvic acid, we can deepen our understanding of metabolic processes and their impact on health and disease.

丙酮酸，化学式为C3H4O3，是体内多种代谢途径中的关键中间产物。它在细胞呼吸和能量生产中发挥着至关重要的作用。当葡萄糖在糖酵解过程中被分解时，它会转化为两个分子的丙酮酸。这个过程发生在细胞的细胞质中，是分解葡萄糖以提取能量以供细胞功能使用的第一步。一旦形成，丙酮酸可以根据氧气的可用性进行不同的代谢过程。在有氧条件下，它会被运输到线粒体，在那里进一步氧化进入柠檬酸循环（也称为克雷布斯循环）。在这里，它被转化为乙酰辅酶A，进入循环以产生ATP，即细胞的能量货币。这种转化对于能量的高效生产至关重要，使生物体能够维持其生物功能。相反，当氧气稀缺时，例如在剧烈运动期间，丙酮酸可以通过发酵过程转化为乳酸。这种转化使得糖酵解继续产生ATP，尽管效率低于有氧呼吸。乳酸的积累可能导致肌肉疲劳，但它也作为一种临时解决方案，以在氧气水平低时维持能量生产。此外，丙酮酸不仅是葡萄糖代谢的产物；它还参与脂肪和蛋白质的代谢。脂肪酸可以转化为乙酰辅酶A，最终贡献于丙酮酸的池中。同样，某些氨基酸可以去氨基化并转化为丙酮酸或其衍生物，将蛋白质代谢整合到细胞的能量生产途径中。丙酮酸的重要性不仅限于能量生产。它还参与各种生物合成途径。例如，丙酮酸可以作为合成丙氨酸的前体，丙氨酸是一种重要的氨基酸，在蛋白质合成和代谢中起着重要作用。此外，它可以通过糖异生作用转化为葡萄糖，特别是在肝脏中，从而有助于血糖调节。在临床环境中，测量丙酮酸的水平可以提供有关个体代谢状态的宝贵见解。升高的水平可能表明乳酸酸中毒或线粒体功能障碍等问题，而低水平可能暗示碳水化合物摄入不足或代谢疾病。因此，理解丙酮酸的动态对于健康专业人士和研究人员都是至关重要的。总之，丙酮酸是生物体生化景观中的中心代谢物。它在能量生产、代谢灵活性和生物合成中的作用使其成为生理学和医学中极具兴趣的化合物。通过继续探索丙酮酸的功能和影响，我们可以加深对代谢过程及其对健康和疾病影响的理解。