paternalism

简明释义

英[pəˈtɜːnəlɪzəm]美[pəˈtɜːrnəlɪzəm]

n. 家长式统治，家长作风

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The causes of Emily's tragedy lie in the paternalism and feminine morality of Puritanism governing the south of America.

爱米丽的悲剧根源在于美国南方文化传统的清教主义思想下的父权制度。

2.Soft paternalism has much in its favour.

软家长主义有许多优势。

3.He ruled his companies with a considerable degree of paternalism and offered his workers employment for life.

他以一定程度的家长式作风管理他的公司，对员工的雇用采取终身雇用制。

4.It's got a different system: meritocratic paternalism.

它有一套不同的体系：精英家长式统治。

5.Medical paternalism comes from the Hippocratic tradition of ancient Greece.

医疗家长主义来源于古希腊的希波克拉底传统。

6.This is hard paternalism.

这是硬家长主义。

7.So what can we do with this how would you resolve the question about paternalism and love?

所以我们能对此怎么办呢，你们会怎样解答关于家长作风，和爱的问题？

8.Biological roots of paternalism.

家长式管理的生物根源。

9.If Haiti, you'll witness the the ugly side Western paternalism.

而在海地，你会亲眼目睹到西方家长作风的丑陋面。

10.Critics of paternalism argue that it can stifle innovation and creativity in the workplace.

批评家长主义的人认为，它可能抑制工作场所的创新和创造力。

11.In healthcare, paternalism can lead doctors to make decisions for patients without their input.

在医疗保健中，家长主义可能导致医生在没有患者参与的情况下为他们做决定。

12.The company's policy was criticized for its inherent paternalism, which limited employees' autonomy.

公司的政策因其固有的家长主义而受到批评，这限制了员工的自主权。

13.The school's approach to discipline was seen as a form of paternalism, treating students like children.

学校的纪律处理方式被视为一种家长主义，把学生当作孩子对待。

14.Some argue that government welfare programs often reflect a form of paternalism that undermines personal responsibility.

有人认为，政府的福利项目往往反映了一种家长主义，削弱了个人责任感。

作文

Paternalism has long been a topic of debate in various fields, including politics, ethics, and social policy. The term paternalism refers to the practice of governing individuals in a manner akin to that of a father dealing with his children. This approach often involves making decisions for others under the belief that it is for their own good, even if those individuals do not agree with those decisions. While paternalism can sometimes lead to positive outcomes, it also raises significant ethical concerns about autonomy and individual rights.In political contexts, paternalism can manifest in laws and regulations that are designed to protect citizens from harm. For example, governments may impose restrictions on certain substances, such as alcohol or drugs, arguing that these measures are necessary to prevent individuals from making poor choices that could endanger their health or safety. While this may seem beneficial, critics argue that such policies undermine personal freedom and responsibility. They contend that adults should have the right to make their own choices, even if those choices are deemed unwise.In the realm of healthcare, paternalism takes on another dimension. Medical professionals often face dilemmas when determining how much information to disclose to patients. A doctor might decide to withhold certain details about a diagnosis or treatment plan, believing that it is in the patient's best interest to avoid unnecessary stress or anxiety. However, this can lead to a lack of trust and transparency in the doctor-patient relationship. Patients have the right to be fully informed about their health, and paternalism can sometimes hinder their ability to make informed decisions about their own care.Moreover, paternalism is prevalent in social policies aimed at vulnerable populations, such as children or the elderly. Programs designed to support these groups often involve a degree of control over their lives, which can be seen as a form of paternalism. For instance, welfare programs may impose conditions on recipients, such as mandatory job training or participation in community service. While these requirements are intended to promote self-sufficiency, they can also restrict individual choice and autonomy.The ethical implications of paternalism are complex. On one hand, there is a genuine concern for the well-being of individuals who may not be capable of making sound decisions due to age, mental capacity, or lack of information. On the other hand, the imposition of external control can lead to resentment and a sense of powerlessness among those affected. It raises the question: to what extent should society intervene in the lives of individuals for their own good?In conclusion, paternalism remains a contentious issue that requires careful consideration of both its benefits and drawbacks. While the intention behind paternalism is often to protect and support individuals, it is crucial to balance this with respect for personal autonomy and the right to make one's own choices. As we navigate the complexities of modern society, finding this balance will be essential in ensuring that policies and practices are both effective and ethically sound.

父权主义长期以来在政治、伦理和社会政策等多个领域都是一个辩论的话题。这个术语父权主义指的是以类似父亲对待孩子的方式来治理个人的做法。这种方法通常涉及到为他人做出决定，基于认为这是为了他们的利益，即使那些个人并不同意这些决定。虽然父权主义有时可以导致积极的结果，但它也引发了关于自主权和个人权利的重要伦理问题。在政治背景中，父权主义可以表现为旨在保护公民免受伤害的法律和法规。例如，政府可能会对某些物质（如酒精或毒品）施加限制，辩称这些措施是必要的，以防止个人做出可能危害其健康或安全的错误选择。虽然这看似有益，但批评者认为这样的政策削弱了个人自由和责任。他们主张成年人应该有权做出自己的选择，即使这些选择被认为是不明智的。在医疗保健领域，父权主义则呈现出另一种维度。医疗专业人员在决定向患者披露多少信息时常常面临困境。医生可能决定隐瞒某些关于诊断或治疗计划的细节，认为这样做是为了避免患者不必要的压力或焦虑。然而，这可能导致医生与患者之间缺乏信任和透明度。患者有权充分了解自己的健康状况，而父权主义有时会阻碍他们做出知情决策的能力。此外，父权主义在针对弱势群体（如儿童或老年人）的社会政策中也很普遍。旨在支持这些群体的项目往往涉及对他们生活的一定程度的控制，这可以被视为一种父权主义。例如，福利项目可能会对接受者施加条件，如强制参加职业培训或社区服务。虽然这些要求旨在促进自给自足，但它们也可能限制个人选择和自主权。父权主义的伦理影响是复杂的。一方面，确实存在对那些可能由于年龄、心理能力或缺乏信息而无法做出明智决策的个人的关切。另一方面，外部控制的强加可能导致被影响者的怨恨和无力感。这提出了一个问题：社会在多大程度上应该为了个人的利益干预他们的生活？总之，父权主义仍然是一个需要认真考虑其好处和缺点的争议性问题。虽然父权主义背后的意图往往是保护和支持个人，但平衡这一点与对个人自主权和做出自己选择权利的尊重至关重要。在我们应对现代社会的复杂性时，找到这种平衡对于确保政策和实践既有效又符合伦理将是必不可少的。