backcrossing

简明释义

英[ˈbækˌkrɒsɪŋ]美[ˈbækˌkrɔsɪŋ]

回交

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.For the best use of marker information in a marker aided backcrossing program for gene introgression, a stepwise marker genotyping and individual selection were suggested.

因此，为了在标记辅助回交育种中充分利用标记信息，应当分步骤鉴定标记基因型和选择个体。

2.The near isogenic lines with Oleson did not affect the spikelet numbers and flag leaf length of backcrossing male parents.

奥尔森矮源近等基因系对回交父本的小穗数没有影响，对旗叶长影响比较小；

3.The detection of susceptible and resistant strain and their backcrossing heterozygosis with PCR in laboratory validate above presumption.

室内用抗性和敏感亲本及正交杂合子检测的结果验证了上述推测。

4.The sprouting percentage of hybrid progenies was reduced by backcrossing with the resistant parents.

用抗性亲本回交可提高其后代的抗穗发芽性。

5.The results from this study indicate that the use of backcrossing with a PCR-based DNA marker was useful in waxy wheat breeding. These partial waxy wheat lines can be used in field production.

研究表明采用回交转育与分子标记辅助选择相结合的方法，是培育农艺性状优良部分糯性小麦的一种非常有效的方法。

6.High heritability traits such as grain number per panicle and weight per thousand grains can be improved synchronously by limited backcrossing in breeding procedures.

对于每穗粒数、千粒重等遗传力高的性状，可结合杂交育种工作采用有限回交同步改良。

7.The results from this study indicate that the use of backcrossing with a PCR-based DNA marker was useful in waxy wheat breeding. These partial waxy wheat lines can be used in field production.

研究表明采用回交转育与分子标记辅助选择相结合的方法，是培育农艺性状优良部分糯性小麦的一种非常有效的方法。

8.Using WCR lines with CMS cytoplasm as female parent to develop new restorer lines by backcrossing.

以同质广亲和恢复系为母本转育新的恢复系。

9.Heredity research of aubergine leaf character in Brassica napus was carried out by using the methods of crossing, self-crossing and backcrossing.

采用杂交、自交、回交方法对甘蓝型紫红叶色油菜进行叶色遗传研究。

10.The researchers conducted a series of backcrossing experiments to study the inheritance of certain traits.

研究人员进行了系列回交实验，以研究某些特征的遗传情况。

11.In agriculture, backcrossing is often used to introduce disease resistance into crop varieties.

在农业中，回交通常用于将抗病性引入作物品种。

12.Animal breeders frequently utilize backcrossing to increase desirable characteristics in their livestock.

动物饲养者经常利用回交来增强家畜的优良特性。

13.Through backcrossing, scientists can stabilize a new breed by reinforcing its genetic traits.

通过回交，科学家可以通过强化其遗传特性来稳定一个新品种。

14.The process of backcrossing involves breeding a hybrid organism with one of its parents to reinforce specific traits.

这个过程中的回交涉及将杂交生物与其一个亲本进行繁殖，以强化特定特征。

作文

Backcrossing is a term commonly used in genetics and breeding that refers to the process of crossing a hybrid organism back with one of its parent species. This technique is essential for achieving specific traits in offspring, enhancing desired characteristics while minimizing undesirable ones. In agriculture, backcrossing is often employed to improve crop varieties, ensuring they are more resilient to diseases or environmental stresses. For instance, a farmer might create a new hybrid plant by crossing a disease-resistant variety with a high-yielding one. After obtaining the hybrid, the farmer could then perform backcrossing with the disease-resistant parent to reinforce this trait in subsequent generations. This method allows for a more controlled breeding process, where desired traits can be stabilized over time.The significance of backcrossing extends beyond agriculture; it also plays a vital role in animal breeding. Breeders may use this technique to enhance specific qualities in livestock, such as growth rate, milk production, or temperament. By repeatedly crossing the hybrid offspring back with a superior parent, breeders can gradually increase the frequency of favorable genes in the population. This practice not only improves the overall quality of the breed but also helps maintain genetic diversity, which is crucial for the long-term sustainability of any breeding program.In the field of conservation biology, backcrossing can be a valuable tool for preserving endangered species. When a small population of a species is at risk of inbreeding, conservationists might introduce individuals from a closely related species to enhance genetic diversity. Once the hybrid offspring are produced, backcrossing can be employed to revert the hybrids back to the original species, thereby restoring genetic health to the population without losing the unique adaptations of the original species. This careful approach can help ensure the survival of species that are on the brink of extinction.However, backcrossing is not without its challenges. One potential issue is the loss of genetic variation, which can occur if too many generations of backcrossing are performed. While it is essential to stabilize desirable traits, excessive focus on a narrow set of characteristics can lead to inbreeding depression, where the overall fitness of the population declines due to a reduction in genetic diversity. Therefore, it is crucial for breeders and conservationists to strike a balance between enhancing specific traits and maintaining a healthy gene pool.In conclusion, backcrossing is a powerful tool in genetics and breeding that offers numerous benefits across various fields, including agriculture, animal husbandry, and conservation. By understanding and applying this technique effectively, scientists and breeders can work towards creating stronger, healthier organisms that can thrive in their environments. As we continue to face challenges such as climate change and habitat loss, the importance of techniques like backcrossing becomes ever more critical in our efforts to sustain biodiversity and food security for future generations.

回交是一个在遗传学和育种中常用的术语，指的是将杂交生物与其亲本物种之一进行回交的过程。这一技术对于在后代中实现特定性状至关重要，能够增强期望的特征，同时降低不良特征。在农业中，回交通常用于改良作物品种，确保它们对疾病或环境压力更加抗性。例如，农民可能通过将一种抗病品种与高产品种交叉来创造一种新的杂交植物。在获得杂交品种后，农民可以再与抗病亲本进行回交，以强化后代中的这一特征。这种方法允许更为控制的育种过程，所期望的性状可以随着时间的推移而稳定。回交的重要性不仅限于农业；它在动物育种中也发挥着重要作用。育种者可以使用这一技术来增强家畜的特定品质，例如生长速率、奶产量或性格。通过不断将杂交后代与优质亲本进行交配，育种者可以逐渐提高种群中有利基因的频率。这一做法不仅改善了品种的整体质量，还帮助维护了遗传多样性，这对于任何育种项目的长期可持续性至关重要。在保护生物学领域，回交也可以成为保护濒危物种的宝贵工具。当一个物种的小种群面临近交时，保护工作者可能会引入来自近缘物种的个体，以增强遗传多样性。一旦产生杂交后代，可以利用回交将杂交种恢复到原始物种，从而恢复种群的遗传健康，而不会失去原始物种的独特适应性。这种谨慎的方法可以帮助确保那些濒临灭绝的物种的生存。然而，回交并非没有挑战。一个潜在的问题是遗传变异的丧失，这可能发生在进行过多代的回交后。虽然稳定期望性状是必要的，但过于关注狭窄的一组特征可能导致近交衰退，即由于遗传多样性的减少，种群的整体适应性下降。因此，育种者和保护工作者必须在增强特定性状和维护健康基因库之间找到平衡。总之，回交是遗传学和育种中的一种强大工具，在农业、动物饲养和保护等多个领域提供了诸多好处。通过有效理解和应用这一技术，科学家和育种者可以努力创造出更强、更健康的生物体，使其能够在环境中茁壮成长。随着我们继续面临气候变化和栖息地丧失等挑战，像回交这样的技术在维持生物多样性和未来几代人的粮食安全方面变得愈加重要。