pyruvate kinase

简明释义

丙酮酸激酶

英英释义

例句

1.Inhibition of pyruvate kinase has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for certain cancers.

抑制丙酮酸激酶被提议作为某些癌症的治疗策略。

2.The enzyme pyruvate kinase plays a crucial role in glycolysis.

酶丙酮酸激酶在糖酵解中起着关键作用。

3.The activity of pyruvate kinase is influenced by various metabolic factors.

多种代谢因素会影响丙酮酸激酶的活性。

4.Researchers are studying the regulation of pyruvate kinase in cancer cells.

研究人员正在研究癌细胞中丙酮酸激酶的调控。

5.Mutations in the gene coding for pyruvate kinase can lead to hemolytic anemia.

编码丙酮酸激酶的基因突变可能导致溶血性贫血。

作文

In the realm of biochemistry, enzymes play a crucial role in facilitating various metabolic processes. One such enzyme is pyruvate kinase, which is essential for glycolysis, the pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, yielding energy in the form of ATP. Understanding the function and regulation of pyruvate kinase is vital for comprehending how cells produce energy and how this process can be affected in various diseases.Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and consists of ten enzymatic reactions. Pyruvate kinase is one of the key enzymes in the final step of this pathway, catalyzing the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate while producing ATP from ADP. This reaction is not only critical for energy production but also serves as a regulatory point in the glycolytic pathway. The activity of pyruvate kinase can be influenced by several factors, including the availability of substrates, allosteric regulators, and covalent modifications.There are different isoforms of pyruvate kinase found in various tissues, such as the liver, muscle, and red blood cells. Each isoform has distinct regulatory properties that allow the organism to adapt to varying metabolic demands. For instance, the liver isoform is regulated by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, an intermediate in glycolysis, which activates pyruvate kinase when glucose levels are high. Conversely, during fasting or low glucose conditions, the liver reduces the activity of this enzyme to conserve energy.The importance of pyruvate kinase extends beyond normal metabolic functioning; it is also implicated in several diseases. One notable condition is hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia, a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding pyruvate kinase. This mutation leads to reduced enzyme activity, resulting in decreased ATP production in red blood cells, which ultimately causes cell lysis and anemia. Understanding the role of pyruvate kinase in this disease highlights the enzyme's significance in maintaining cellular health and function.Moreover, pyruvate kinase has been studied in the context of cancer metabolism. Cancer cells often exhibit altered metabolic pathways, favoring glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. This shift allows cancer cells to proliferate rapidly, and targeting pyruvate kinase has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy. Inhibitors of pyruvate kinase could slow down the growth of tumors by disrupting their energy supply, making this enzyme a promising target for cancer treatment.In conclusion, pyruvate kinase is a pivotal enzyme in glycolysis, crucial for energy production and metabolic regulation. Its various isoforms and regulatory mechanisms reflect the adaptability of cellular metabolism to different physiological conditions. Furthermore, the implications of pyruvate kinase in diseases such as hereditary anemia and cancer underline its significance in both health and disease. As research continues to uncover the complexities of pyruvate kinase function, it may pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches that harness the power of this enzyme to combat various metabolic disorders and cancers.

在生物化学领域，酶在促进各种代谢过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。其中一种酶是丙酮酸激酶，它对糖酵解至关重要，糖酵解是将葡萄糖转化为丙酮酸的途径，同时以ATP的形式释放能量。理解丙酮酸激酶的功能和调节对于理解细胞如何产生能量以及这一过程如何在各种疾病中受到影响至关重要。糖酵解发生在细胞的细胞质中，由十个酶促反应组成。丙酮酸激酶是该途径最后一步的关键酶之一，催化磷酸烯醇丙酮酸（PEP）转化为丙酮酸，同时从ADP生成ATP。这一反应不仅对能量生产至关重要，还作为糖酵解途径中的一个调控点。丙酮酸激酶的活性受到多种因素的影响，包括底物的可用性、别构调节因子和共价修饰。不同组织中存在不同的丙酮酸激酶同种型，例如肝脏、肌肉和红血球。每种同种型具有独特的调节特性，使有机体能够适应不同的代谢需求。例如，肝脏同种型受到果糖-1,6-二磷酸的调节，这是一种糖酵解中的中间产物，当葡萄糖水平较高时激活丙酮酸激酶。相反，在禁食或低葡萄糖条件下，肝脏降低该酶的活性以节约能量。丙酮酸激酶的重要性超越了正常的代谢功能；它还与几种疾病有关。一种显著的情况是遗传性非球形红细胞溶血性贫血，这是一种由编码丙酮酸激酶基因突变引起的遗传性疾病。这种突变导致酶活性降低，导致红血球中ATP生产减少，最终导致细胞溶解和贫血。理解丙酮酸激酶在这种疾病中的作用突显了该酶在维持细胞健康和功能中的重要性。此外，丙酮酸激酶在癌症代谢方面也受到研究。癌细胞通常表现出代谢途径的改变，即使在氧气存在的情况下也偏好糖酵解，这一现象被称为沃伯格效应。这种转变使癌细胞能够快速增殖，靶向丙酮酸激酶已成为一种潜在的治疗策略。丙酮酸激酶的抑制剂可能通过破坏肿瘤的能量供应来减缓肿瘤的生长，使该酶成为癌症治疗的有前景的靶点。总之，丙酮酸激酶是糖酵解中的一个关键酶，对能量生产和代谢调节至关重要。其不同的同种型和调节机制反映了细胞代谢对不同生理条件的适应性。此外，丙酮酸激酶在遗传性贫血和癌症等疾病中的影响突显了它在健康和疾病中的重要性。随着研究继续揭示丙酮酸激酶功能的复杂性，它可能为利用该酶的力量来对抗各种代谢疾病和癌症开辟新的治疗方法。