pyruvate carboxylase

简明释义

丙酮酸脂羧基酶

英英释义

例句

1.Research shows that pyruvate carboxylase activity is regulated by acetyl-CoA levels.

研究表明，丙酮酸羧化酶的活性受到乙酰辅酶A水平的调节。

2.Mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylase plays a key role in fatty acid synthesis.

线粒体丙酮酸羧化酶在脂肪酸合成中发挥关键作用。

3.Inhibition of pyruvate carboxylase can lead to a decrease in glucose production.

抑制丙酮酸羧化酶可能导致葡萄糖生产减少。

4.The enzyme pyruvate carboxylase is crucial for gluconeogenesis in the liver.

酶丙酮酸羧化酶对肝脏中的糖异生至关重要。

5.Deficiency in pyruvate carboxylase can cause severe metabolic disorders.

丙酮酸羧化酶缺乏可能导致严重的代谢紊乱。

作文

The human body is a complex system that relies on various biochemical processes to maintain homeostasis and support life. One of the critical enzymes involved in metabolic pathways is pyruvate carboxylase, which plays a pivotal role in gluconeogenesis, the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors. Understanding the function of pyruvate carboxylase is essential for comprehending how our bodies regulate energy production and storage.Pyruvate carboxylase is an enzyme located in the mitochondria of liver and kidney cells. It catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate, a product of glycolysis, into oxaloacetate, which is a crucial intermediate in the citric acid cycle and gluconeogenesis. This reaction is vital because it helps to replenish oxaloacetate levels, ensuring that the citric acid cycle continues to function efficiently. Without sufficient pyruvate carboxylase activity, the body would struggle to produce glucose during fasting or low-carbohydrate intake, leading to hypoglycemia and other metabolic disorders.The regulation of pyruvate carboxylase is also noteworthy. It is activated by acetyl-CoA, a metabolite derived from fatty acids and certain amino acids. When energy levels are high, and there is an abundance of acetyl-CoA, the body is signaled to produce more glucose through gluconeogenesis. Conversely, when energy levels are low, such as during intense exercise or fasting, pyruvate carboxylase activity decreases, and the body shifts its focus towards utilizing stored glucose and fats for energy.Moreover, the significance of pyruvate carboxylase extends beyond glucose metabolism. It also plays a role in the synthesis of certain amino acids and fatty acids. The oxaloacetate produced by pyruvate carboxylase can be converted into aspartate, an amino acid that serves as a building block for protein synthesis. This highlights the interconnected nature of metabolic pathways, where one enzyme can influence multiple physiological processes.In clinical settings, understanding pyruvate carboxylase can aid in diagnosing and treating metabolic disorders. Deficiencies in this enzyme can lead to serious health issues, including lactic acidosis and neurological problems. Patients with pyruvate carboxylase deficiency may present with developmental delays, seizures, and hypotonia, underscoring the importance of this enzyme in overall health.In conclusion, pyruvate carboxylase is a crucial enzyme that facilitates the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, playing an integral role in gluconeogenesis and energy metabolism. Its regulation is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis, especially during periods of fasting or low carbohydrate intake. Furthermore, its involvement in the synthesis of amino acids and fatty acids illustrates the complexity of metabolic pathways in the human body. A deeper understanding of pyruvate carboxylase not only enhances our knowledge of biochemistry but also provides insights into potential therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders.

人体是一个复杂的系统，依赖于各种生化过程来维持体内平衡并支持生命。其中一个涉及代谢途径的关键酶是丙酮酸羧化酶，它在糖异生中发挥着重要作用，即从非碳水化合物前体合成葡萄糖的过程。理解丙酮酸羧化酶的功能对于理解我们身体如何调节能量的产生和储存至关重要。丙酮酸羧化酶是一种位于肝脏和肾脏细胞线粒体中的酶。它催化将丙酮酸（糖酵解的产物）转化为草酰乙酸的反应，草酰乙酸是柠檬酸循环和糖异生中的关键中间体。这一反应至关重要，因为它有助于补充草酰乙酸的水平，确保柠檬酸循环能够有效运行。如果丙酮酸羧化酶的活性不足，身体将在禁食或低碳水化合物摄入时难以产生葡萄糖，从而导致低血糖和其他代谢紊乱。丙酮酸羧化酶的调节也值得注意。它受到由脂肪酸和某些氨基酸衍生的乙酰辅酶A的激活。当能量水平高且乙酰辅酶A充足时，身体会发出信号以通过糖异生产生更多的葡萄糖。相反，当能量水平低时，例如在剧烈运动或禁食期间，丙酮酸羧化酶的活性降低，身体则转向利用储存的葡萄糖和脂肪作为能量。此外，丙酮酸羧化酶的重要性不仅限于葡萄糖代谢。它还在某些氨基酸和脂肪酸的合成中发挥作用。由丙酮酸羧化酶产生的草酰乙酸可以转化为天冬氨酸，这是一种蛋白质合成的构建块。这突显了代谢途径的相互关联性，一个酶可以影响多个生理过程。在临床环境中，了解丙酮酸羧化酶可以帮助诊断和治疗代谢疾病。该酶的缺乏可能导致严重的健康问题，包括乳酸酸中毒和神经系统问题。患有丙酮酸羧化酶缺乏症的患者可能表现出发育迟缓、癫痫和肌肉张力低下，强调了该酶在整体健康中的重要性。总之，丙酮酸羧化酶是一种关键酶，促进丙酮酸转化为草酰乙酸，在糖异生和能量代谢中发挥着不可或缺的作用。其调节对于维持葡萄糖稳态至关重要，尤其是在禁食或低碳水化合物摄入期间。此外，它在氨基酸和脂肪酸合成中的参与进一步说明了人体内代谢途径的复杂性。深入了解丙酮酸羧化酶不仅增强了我们对生物化学的认识，还提供了对代谢疾病潜在治疗靶点的见解。