nucleic acid

简明释义

核酸

英英释义

例句

1.The scientist extracted nucleic acid from the samples for analysis.

科学家从样本中提取了核酸进行分析。

2.The presence of nucleic acid in a sample can indicate the presence of a virus.

样本中存在核酸可能表明病毒的存在。

3.Researchers are studying the structure of nucleic acid to understand its function better.

研究人员正在研究核酸的结构，以更好地理解其功能。

4.PCR is a technique used to amplify specific segments of nucleic acid.

PCR是一种用于扩增特定核酸片段的技术。

5.In genetics, nucleic acid plays a crucial role in the storage and transmission of genetic information.

在遗传学中，核酸在遗传信息的存储和传递中起着关键作用。

作文

Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules that play a critical role in the storage and transmission of genetic information within living organisms. Two primary types of nucleic acid (核酸) exist: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Both types of nucleic acid (核酸) are composed of long chains of nucleotides, which are the building blocks that consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The sequence of these nucleotides encodes the genetic instructions necessary for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.DNA is often described as the blueprint of life. It contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses. In DNA, the nucleotides are arranged in a double helix structure, which was famously identified by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. This structure allows for the precise replication of genetic information during cell division, ensuring that each new cell receives an accurate copy of the organism's genetic material.On the other hand, RNA plays several roles in the expression of this genetic information. One of its primary functions is to act as a messenger between DNA and the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. This process is known as transcription and translation. During transcription, a specific segment of DNA is copied into RNA, which then carries the code to the ribosomes. Here, the code is translated into a specific sequence of amino acids, ultimately forming proteins that perform various functions in the cell.The importance of nucleic acid (核酸) cannot be overstated. They are fundamental to the processes of heredity and evolution. Mutations in the sequences of nucleic acid (核酸) can lead to variations in traits among organisms, which can then be subject to natural selection. This is how evolution operates at a molecular level.Furthermore, understanding nucleic acid (核酸) has profound implications in medicine and biotechnology. For instance, the discovery of the structure of DNA paved the way for advancements in genetic engineering, allowing scientists to manipulate genes in ways that can lead to the development of new therapies for diseases. Techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 enable precise editing of genetic sequences, potentially curing genetic disorders or enhancing agricultural productivity.In addition, the role of nucleic acid (核酸) in the field of forensics is noteworthy. DNA profiling, which analyzes unique patterns in an individual's DNA, is a powerful tool used in criminal investigations and paternity testing. This technology has revolutionized the way legal cases are approached and has provided justice in numerous situations.In conclusion, nucleic acid (核酸) is a cornerstone of biological science, serving as the foundation for genetic information storage and transfer. The study of nucleic acid (核酸) not only enhances our understanding of life itself but also drives innovation in medicine, agriculture, and forensic science. As research continues to evolve, the potential applications of nucleic acid (核酸) in improving human health and advancing technology seem limitless.

核酸是基本的生物分子，在生物体内储存和传递遗传信息中发挥着关键作用。主要有两种类型的核酸（nucleic acid）：脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）和核糖核酸（RNA）。这两种类型的核酸（nucleic acid）由长链的核苷酸组成，核苷酸是由一个糖、一个磷酸基团和一个氮碱基组成的构建块。这些核苷酸的序列编码了生物体发展、功能、成长和繁殖所需的遗传指令。DNA常被描述为生命的蓝图。它包含了所有已知生物体和一些病毒的发展和功能所需的遗传指令。在DNA中，核苷酸以双螺旋结构排列，这一结构在1953年由詹姆斯·沃森和弗朗西斯·克里克首次识别。这一结构允许遗传信息在细胞分裂过程中精确复制，确保每个新细胞都能接收到生物体遗传物质的准确副本。另一方面，RNA在表达这些遗传信息中发挥着多种角色。其主要功能之一是作为DNA与核糖体之间的信使，核糖体是蛋白质合成的地方。这一过程称为转录和翻译。在转录过程中，DNA的特定片段被复制成RNA，然后将代码携带到核糖体。在这里，代码被翻译为特定的氨基酸序列，最终形成在细胞中执行各种功能的蛋白质。核酸（nucleic acid）的重要性不容小觑。它们是遗传和进化过程的基础。核酸（nucleic acid）序列中的突变可能导致生物体性状的变异，这些变异随后可以受到自然选择的影响。这就是进化在分子水平上运作的方式。此外，理解核酸（nucleic acid）在医学和生物技术领域具有深远的意义。例如，DNA结构的发现为基因工程的进展铺平了道路，使科学家能够以某种方式操纵基因，从而开发出新的疾病治疗方法。诸如CRISPR-Cas9等技术使得对遗传序列的精确编辑成为可能，有潜力治愈遗传疾病或增强农业生产力。此外，核酸（nucleic acid）在法医领域的作用也值得注意。DNA分析，即分析个人DNA中的独特模式，是用于刑事调查和亲子鉴定的强大工具。这项技术彻底改变了法律案件的处理方式，并在众多情况下提供了公正。总之，核酸（nucleic acid）是生物科学的基石，作为遗传信息存储和转移的基础。对核酸（nucleic acid）的研究不仅增强了我们对生命本身的理解，也推动了医学、农业和法医科学的创新。随着研究的不断发展，核酸（nucleic acid）在改善人类健康和推进技术方面的潜在应用似乎是无限的。