earth pressure

简明释义

土压

英英释义

例句

1.The design of the foundation took into account the lateral earth pressure 土壤压力 exerted by the surrounding soil.

基础设计考虑了周围土壤施加的侧向earth pressure 土壤压力。

2.The construction team monitored the earth pressure 土壤压力 during excavation to prevent collapses.

施工队在挖掘过程中监测earth pressure 土壤压力以防止塌方。

3.The engineer calculated the earth pressure 土壤压力 acting on the retaining wall to ensure its stability.

工程师计算了作用在挡土墙上的earth pressure 土壤压力以确保其稳定性。

4.Understanding earth pressure 土壤压力 is crucial for designing underground structures.

理解earth pressure 土壤压力对于设计地下结构至关重要。

5.They used sensors to measure the changes in earth pressure 土壤压力 over time.

他们使用传感器测量earth pressure 土壤压力随时间的变化。

作文

Understanding the concept of earth pressure is crucial for engineers, architects, and construction professionals. Earth pressure refers to the force exerted by soil or rock on a structure, which can significantly impact its stability and integrity. This force arises from the weight of the soil above and the lateral pressures that develop due to various factors such as moisture content, soil density, and even seismic activity. When designing structures such as basements, retaining walls, or tunnels, it is essential to account for earth pressure. If not properly managed, the forces exerted by the earth can lead to structural failures, which can be both dangerous and costly. Engineers must calculate the expected earth pressure to ensure that the structure can withstand these forces. There are two primary types of earth pressure: active and passive. Active earth pressure occurs when the soil is allowed to expand or move away from a wall, resulting in lower pressure against the structure. Conversely, passive earth pressure takes place when the soil is compressed against a wall, leading to increased pressure. Understanding these concepts is vital for predicting how soil will behave under different conditions. In addition to the type of earth pressure, the soil's properties play a significant role in determining the overall pressure exerted on a structure. Factors such as cohesion, friction angle, and moisture content can all influence the amount of earth pressure that a wall or foundation must resist. For instance, saturated soil can exert much higher pressures than dry soil due to the added weight of water. Therefore, engineers must consider these variables when designing their projects. Moreover, earth pressure can change over time due to environmental factors. Seasonal changes, such as heavy rainfall or drought, can alter the moisture content of the soil, affecting its density and, consequently, the earth pressure it exerts. Additionally, construction activities nearby can also influence the distribution of earth pressure. For example, excavation work may remove soil that was previously providing support, leading to unexpected increases in pressure on existing structures. To mitigate the risks associated with earth pressure, engineers often employ various techniques. These can include the use of drainage systems to manage water flow, reinforcing walls with materials designed to withstand high pressures, or even utilizing flexible designs that can accommodate some movement without failing. By understanding and addressing earth pressure, professionals can create safer and more durable structures. In conclusion, earth pressure is a fundamental concept in civil engineering and construction that requires careful consideration in design and execution. By accurately assessing the forces at play, engineers can ensure that their structures remain safe and functional over time. The importance of understanding earth pressure cannot be overstated, as it directly impacts the success of construction projects and the safety of those who use them.

理解土压力的概念对工程师、建筑师和施工专业人员至关重要。土压力是指土壤或岩石对结构施加的力，这会显著影响其稳定性和完整性。这种力量源于上方土壤的重量以及由于水分含量、土壤密度甚至地震活动等各种因素而产生的侧向压力。在设计地下室、挡土墙或隧道等结构时，必须考虑土压力。如果管理不当，土壤施加的力量可能导致结构失效，这既危险又昂贵。工程师必须计算预期的土压力，以确保结构能够承受这些力量。土压力主要有两种类型：主动土压力和被动土压力。当土壤允许扩展或远离墙壁移动时，就会发生主动土压力，这会导致对结构的压力降低。相反，被动土压力发生在土壤被压缩到墙壁上时，导致压力增加。理解这些概念对于预测土壤在不同条件下的行为至关重要。除了土压力的类型外，土壤的特性在确定施加在结构上的整体压力方面也起着重要作用。粘聚力、摩擦角和水分含量等因素都会影响施加的土压力的数量。例如，饱和土壤由于水的额外重量，可以施加比干燥土壤高得多的压力。因此，工程师在设计项目时必须考虑这些变量。此外，由于环境因素，土压力可能会随时间变化。季节性变化，例如强降雨或干旱，可能会改变土壤的水分含量，从而影响其密度，进而影响施加的土压力。此外，附近的施工活动也可能影响土压力的分布。例如，挖掘工作可能会移除之前提供支撑的土壤，导致现有结构上的压力意外增加。为了减轻与土压力相关的风险，工程师通常会采用各种技术。这些技术包括使用排水系统来管理水流、用设计用于承受高压力的材料加固墙壁，甚至利用可以适应一些运动而不失败的灵活设计。通过理解和应对土压力，专业人员可以创建更安全、更耐用的结构。总之，土压力是土木工程和建筑中的基本概念，需要在设计和执行中谨慎考虑。通过准确评估所涉及的力量，工程师可以确保他们的结构在时间的推移中保持安全和功能。理解土压力的重要性不容小觑，因为它直接影响到建设项目的成功和使用者的安全。