absolutism

简明释义

英[ˈæbsəluːtɪzəm]美[ˈæbsəluːtɪzəm]

n. 专制主义；绝对论

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.If the peculiar relationship between truth's absolutism and relativism can be called "truth's antinomy," many philosophical issues over recent several decades of Yeats aim at solving this antinomy.

如果将真理的绝对主义与相对主义之吊诡称作“真理的二律背反”，那么近数十年来，许多哲学问题都是为了解决这个二律背反。

2.If the peculiar relationship between truths absolutism and relativism can be called "truths antinomy," many philosophical issues over recent several decades of Yeats aim at solving this antinomy.

如果将真理的绝对主义与相对主义之吊诡称作“真理的二律背反”，那么近数十年来，许多哲学问题都是为了解决这个二律背反。

3.Pragmatism has triumphed over the absolutism.

实用主义战胜了绝对主义。

4.The critique is penetrated with negative dialectic against totality and identity, avoiding the judgment of absolutism in the form, while always maintaining truth in art.

批判贯穿了否定的辩证法反对总体性和同一性的思想，在论述形式上避免了绝对化的论断，但又始终维护艺术的真理。

5.The part iv demonstrates the origin of nihilism and absolutism and discusses the foundation of the values in the modern civil law.

第四章阐释了虚无主义和绝对主义两种价值立场的思想渊源，在此基础上探讨了现代民法的价值基础问题。

6.In this case, moral absolutism is a subjective decision (i.e., free will must, by definition, include the freedom to choose what is moral).

这样，道德绝对主义就是一种主观决策，也就是说，自由意志，由它的定义看，就必须包含有选择什么是道德的和什么是不道德的这种自由。

7.Secondly, as I tried to suggest the other day, these places resist absolutism.

其次，正如我曾讲过的，这些地方反对绝对主义。

8.The fall of absolutism in France led to the rise of democratic ideals.

法国专制主义的崩溃导致了民主理想的兴起。

9.During the Age of Enlightenment, many philosophers criticized absolutism as a violation of individual rights.

在启蒙时代，许多哲学家批评专制主义侵犯个人权利。

10.In contrast to absolutism, constitutional monarchies limit the power of the ruler.

与专制主义相对的是，宪政君主制限制了统治者的权力。

11.The king ruled with an iron fist, embodying the principles of absolutism.

国王以铁腕统治，体现了专制主义的原则。

12.Many historians argue that absolutism was a necessary phase in the development of modern states.

许多历史学家认为，专制主义是现代国家发展中一个必要的阶段。

作文

The concept of absolutism, or 绝对主义, has played a significant role in shaping political thought and governance throughout history. It refers to a political system in which a single ruler holds absolute power over the state, with little to no limitations imposed by laws or governing bodies. This form of government was particularly prevalent in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries, when monarchs such as Louis XIV of France famously declared, 'L'état, c'est moi'—'I am the state.' The rise of absolutism marked a departure from feudal systems and the fragmented power structures that characterized earlier periods. One of the key characteristics of absolutism is the concentration of power in the hands of the monarch. This centralization often involved the dismantling of feudal privileges and the establishment of a bureaucratic state that could enforce the will of the ruler. The monarch's authority was typically justified through divine right, the idea that kings were appointed by God and thus accountable only to Him. This belief not only legitimized the monarch's power but also discouraged dissent and rebellion among subjects, who were taught to view their king as a representative of divine will.However, the era of absolutism was not without its challenges. As the Enlightenment spread across Europe, thinkers like John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Montesquieu began to question the legitimacy of absolute rule. They argued for the principles of democracy, separation of powers, and individual rights, which directly contradicted the tenets of absolutism. These revolutionary ideas laid the groundwork for modern democratic systems and ultimately contributed to the decline of absolute monarchies.The French Revolution, which erupted in 1789, serves as a critical turning point in the history of absolutism. The revolutionaries sought to overthrow the absolute monarchy of Louis XVI, advocating for liberty, equality, and fraternity instead. The fall of the Bastille symbolized the rejection of absolutism and the demand for a government that represented the will of the people rather than the whims of a single ruler. In the aftermath of the revolution, many European monarchies faced similar uprisings, leading to a gradual shift towards constitutional governments and the erosion of absolute power.Despite its historical context, the legacy of absolutism can still be observed in contemporary politics. Some authoritarian regimes today exhibit characteristics reminiscent of absolute rule, where leaders maintain tight control over the state and suppress dissent. These regimes often employ propaganda, censorship, and other means to consolidate their power, echoing the tactics of past absolute monarchs. In conclusion, absolutism represents a significant chapter in the evolution of political systems, characterized by the concentration of power in a single ruler and the justification of that power through divine right. While it has largely fallen out of favor in modern governance, the principles and challenges associated with absolutism continue to inform discussions about power, authority, and the role of the state in society. Understanding absolutism not only provides insight into historical governance but also helps us recognize the importance of checks and balances in preserving democratic ideals in our own time.

‘绝对主义’这一概念在历史上对政治思想和治理产生了重要影响。它指的是一种政治制度，其中单一统治者对国家拥有绝对权力，几乎没有法律或管理机构施加的限制。这种形式的政府在17和18世纪的欧洲尤为盛行，当时法国的路易十四曾著名地宣称‘国家就是我’——‘我就是国家’。‘绝对主义’的兴起标志着对封建制度和早期时期特征的分散权力结构的背离。‘绝对主义’的一个关键特征是权力集中在君主手中。这种集中通常涉及拆除封建特权，并建立一个可以执行统治者意志的官僚国家。君主的权威通常通过神授权利来辩护，即国王是由上帝任命的，因此只对他负责。这种信念不仅使君主的权力合法化，还抑制了臣民的异议和叛乱，臣民被教导将他们的国王视为神意的代表。然而，‘绝对主义’时代并非没有挑战。随着启蒙运动在欧洲的传播，约翰·洛克、让-雅克·卢梭和孟德斯鸠等思想家开始质疑绝对统治的合法性。他们倡导民主原则、权力分立和个人权利，这与‘绝对主义’的原则直接相悖。这些革命性的思想为现代民主制度奠定了基础，并最终促成了绝对君主制的衰落。1789年爆发的法国大革命是‘绝对主义’历史上的一个关键转折点。革命者试图推翻路易十六的绝对君主制，倡导自由、平等和博爱。巴士底狱的沦陷象征着对‘绝对主义’的拒绝，以及对一个代表人民意志而非单一统治者心血来潮的政府的要求。在革命之后，许多欧洲君主制面临类似的起义，导致向宪政政府的逐步转变和绝对权力的侵蚀。尽管有其历史背景，但‘绝对主义’的遗产在当代政治中仍然可以观察到。一些专制政权今天表现出类似绝对统治的特征，领导者对国家保持严格控制并压制异议。这些政权往往利用宣传、审查和其他手段来巩固他们的权力，回响着过去绝对君主的战术。总之，‘绝对主义’代表了政治制度演变中的一个重要篇章，其特征是权力集中在单一统治者手中，并通过神授权利来辩护这种权力。尽管在现代治理中已基本不再流行，但与‘绝对主义’相关的原则和挑战仍然影响着关于权力、权威和国家在社会中角色的讨论。理解‘绝对主义’不仅提供了对历史治理的洞察，也帮助我们认识到在我们自己的时代保持民主理想的重要性。