barbiturate

简明释义

英[bɑːˈbɪtʃʊrət]美[bɑːrˈbɪtʃərət]

n. [药] 巴比土酸盐；[药] 巴比妥酸盐

复 数 b a r b i t u r a t e s

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The patient was stabilized after receiving an antidote for the barbiturate 巴比妥酸盐 overdose.

患者在接受了对barbiturate 巴比妥酸盐过量服用的解毒剂后得到了稳定。

2.The doctor prescribed a low dose of barbiturate 巴比妥酸盐 to help the patient sleep.

医生开了一剂低剂量的barbiturate 巴比妥酸盐来帮助病人入睡。

3.Overdosing on barbiturate 巴比妥酸盐 can lead to severe respiratory depression.

过量服用barbiturate 巴比妥酸盐可能导致严重的呼吸抑制。

4.Many people misuse barbiturate 巴比妥酸盐 for its sedative effects.

许多人滥用barbiturate 巴比妥酸盐以获得镇静效果。

5.In the past, barbiturate 巴比妥酸盐 was commonly used as an anesthetic.

在过去，barbiturate 巴比妥酸盐常被用作麻醉剂。

作文

In the realm of medicine, there are various classes of drugs that serve different purposes. One such class is known as barbiturates, which are a group of medications that act as central nervous system depressants. These drugs were first introduced in the early 20th century and quickly became popular for their sedative and anxiolytic properties. However, with the advancement of medical science, the use of barbiturates has significantly declined due to their potential for addiction and overdose. Barbiturates work by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that inhibits brain activity. This results in a calming effect on the brain and body, making barbiturates effective for treating anxiety, insomnia, and seizure disorders. Common examples of barbiturates include phenobarbital, secobarbital, and pentobarbital. Despite their effectiveness, barbiturates have a narrow therapeutic window, meaning the difference between a therapeutic dose and a lethal dose is quite small. This characteristic makes them particularly dangerous when misused. Over the years, numerous cases of overdose have been reported, often involving individuals who mix barbiturates with other substances, such as alcohol or opioids, leading to severe respiratory depression and even death. As a result of these risks, healthcare providers have shifted towards prescribing safer alternatives, such as benzodiazepines, for managing anxiety and sleep disorders. Benzodiazepines also act as central nervous system depressants but have a lower risk of overdose and dependency. However, it is essential to note that benzodiazepines are not without their own risks and can lead to tolerance and withdrawal symptoms if used long-term. The decline in the use of barbiturates does not mean they are obsolete. In certain medical situations, such as during anesthesia or in the treatment of severe seizures, barbiturates may still be utilized effectively. Their role in these specific contexts underscores the importance of understanding the appropriate use of such medications. In conclusion, barbiturates represent an important chapter in the history of pharmacology. While they have been largely replaced by newer, safer medications, their unique properties and potential dangers remind us of the delicate balance between efficacy and safety in drug therapy. As we continue to learn more about the human body and the effects of various substances, it is crucial to approach the use of any medication, including barbiturates, with caution and respect. Understanding their mechanisms, risks, and benefits can help both healthcare providers and patients make informed decisions regarding their use, ensuring that we prioritize safety while seeking effective treatments for various conditions.

在医学领域，有多种药物类别用于不同的目的。其中一类被称为巴比妥酸盐，这是一组作为中枢神经系统抑制剂的药物。这些药物在20世纪初首次推出，并迅速因其镇静和抗焦虑特性而流行。然而，随着医学科学的进步，因其成瘾和过量的潜在风险，使用巴比妥酸盐的情况显著下降。

巴比妥酸盐通过增强γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的作用来发挥作用，GABA是一种抑制大脑活动的神经递质。这导致大脑和身体产生镇静效果，使得巴比妥酸盐在治疗焦虑、失眠和癫痫等疾病方面有效。常见的巴比妥酸盐包括苯巴比妥、秒巴比妥和戊巴比妥。

尽管巴比妥酸盐有效，但它们的治疗窗口较窄，这意味着治疗剂量与致死剂量之间的差距相当小。这一特性使得它们在滥用时特别危险。多年来，许多过量案例被报告，通常涉及将巴比妥酸盐与其他物质（如酒精或阿片类药物）混合，从而导致严重的呼吸抑制甚至死亡。

由于这些风险，医疗提供者已转向开处方更安全的替代药物，例如苯二氮卓类药物，用于管理焦虑和睡眠障碍。苯二氮卓类药物同样作为中枢神经系统抑制剂，但过量和依赖的风险较低。然而，值得注意的是，苯二氮卓类药物也并非没有自身的风险，如果长期使用，可能导致耐药性和戒断症状。

虽然巴比妥酸盐的使用下降，但这并不意味着它们已经过时。在某些医疗情况下，例如麻醉或严重癫痫的治疗中，巴比妥酸盐仍然可以有效利用。它们在这些特定背景下的作用强调了理解此类药物适当使用的重要性。

总之，巴比妥酸盐代表了药理学历史中的一个重要章节。虽然它们在很大程度上被更新、更安全的药物所取代，但它们独特的特性和潜在危险提醒我们在药物治疗中效能与安全之间的微妙平衡。随着我们继续了解人体及各种物质的影响，谨慎和尊重地对待任何药物的使用，包括巴比妥酸盐，至关重要。理解它们的机制、风险和益处可以帮助医疗提供者和患者在使用时做出明智的决定，确保在寻求各种疾病的有效治疗时优先考虑安全性。