revealed preference

简明释义

显示性偏好

英英释义

例句

1.Researchers found that a person's revealed preference often contradicts their stated preferences.

研究人员发现，一个人的揭示性偏好常常与他们所表述的偏好相矛盾。

2.The study of revealed preference helps economists understand how individuals make trade-offs between different goods.

对揭示性偏好的研究帮助经济学家理解个人如何在不同商品之间进行权衡。

3.By observing the revealed preference of customers, the company adjusted its product offerings to better meet demand.

通过观察客户的揭示性偏好，公司调整了其产品供应，以更好地满足需求。

4.The economist used the concept of revealed preference to analyze consumer choices based on their purchasing behavior.

经济学家利用揭示性偏好的概念来分析消费者根据购买行为做出的选择。

5.Using revealed preference, analysts can infer the value consumers place on various features of a product.

通过使用揭示性偏好，分析师可以推断消费者对产品各个特征的重视程度。

作文

The concept of revealed preference is a fundamental principle in economics that helps us understand consumer behavior. It was introduced by economist Paul Samuelson in the mid-20th century and has since become a cornerstone of microeconomic theory. The basic idea behind revealed preference is that the choices consumers make reveal their preferences, even when they do not explicitly state them. This theory assumes that individuals have a consistent set of preferences that guide their purchasing decisions.To illustrate this concept, consider a simple example involving two goods: apples and oranges. Suppose a consumer consistently buys more apples than oranges over time. According to the theory of revealed preference, we can infer that the consumer has a stronger preference for apples. This inference is based on their purchasing behavior rather than their verbal declarations about which fruit they like better. Thus, the choices made in the marketplace provide valuable insights into consumer preferences.One of the significant implications of revealed preference is its ability to analyze consumer choices without relying on subjective measures of utility or satisfaction. Traditional utility theory posits that consumers derive satisfaction from goods and services, but measuring this satisfaction can be challenging. Instead, revealed preference allows economists to observe actual choices, making it easier to draw conclusions about consumer behavior.Moreover, revealed preference can also help in understanding how changes in prices or income levels affect consumer choices. For instance, if the price of apples decreases while the price of oranges remains constant, we would expect to see an increase in the quantity of apples purchased. By analyzing these changes in purchasing behavior, economists can better understand the elasticity of demand and how consumers adjust their preferences in response to economic factors.Another important aspect of revealed preference is its application in welfare economics. Policymakers often use this theory to evaluate the impact of economic policies on consumer welfare. By observing how consumers adjust their purchases in response to policy changes, such as tax increases or subsidies, economists can assess whether these policies improve or diminish overall welfare. This practical application underscores the relevance of revealed preference in real-world economic analysis.However, it is essential to recognize the limitations of the revealed preference theory. While it provides valuable insights into consumer behavior, it does not account for all factors influencing decision-making. For example, social influences, advertising, and psychological factors can also play significant roles in shaping consumer preferences. Additionally, the theory assumes that consumers have complete information and make rational choices, which may not always hold true in reality.In conclusion, the concept of revealed preference offers a powerful framework for understanding consumer behavior in economics. By analyzing actual purchasing decisions, economists can gain insights into preferences, demand elasticity, and the effects of policy changes on consumer welfare. Despite its limitations, revealed preference remains a critical tool for economists and policymakers alike, providing a more objective basis for understanding the complexities of consumer choice. As we continue to navigate an ever-changing economic landscape, the principles of revealed preference will undoubtedly remain relevant in our efforts to comprehend and predict consumer behavior.

“揭示偏好”是经济学中的一个基本原则，帮助我们理解消费者行为。它由经济学家保罗·萨缪尔森在20世纪中期提出，并且自那时以来，它已经成为微观经济理论的基石。“揭示偏好”的基本思想是，消费者所做的选择揭示了他们的偏好，即使他们并没有明确地表述出来。该理论假设个人有一套一致的偏好，这些偏好指导着他们的购买决策。为了说明这一概念，可以考虑一个涉及两种商品的简单例子：苹果和橙子。假设一个消费者在一段时间内持续购买比橙子更多的苹果。根据“揭示偏好”理论，我们可以推断出消费者对苹果的偏好更强。这种推断是基于他们的购买行为，而不是他们对哪种水果更喜欢的口头声明。因此，市场上的选择为我们提供了关于消费者偏好的宝贵见解。“揭示偏好”的一个重要含义是，它能够在不依赖主观效用或满足感的情况下分析消费者选择。传统的效用理论认为消费者从商品和服务中获得满足感，但衡量这种满足感可能很具挑战性。相反，“揭示偏好”允许经济学家观察实际选择，使得得出关于消费者行为的结论变得更加容易。此外，“揭示偏好”也可以帮助我们理解价格或收入水平变化如何影响消费者选择。例如，如果苹果的价格下降而橙子的价格保持不变，我们可以预期苹果的购买数量会增加。通过分析这些购买行为的变化，经济学家可以更好地理解需求的弹性以及消费者如何根据经济因素调整他们的偏好。“揭示偏好”的另一个重要方面是它在福利经济学中的应用。政策制定者经常使用这一理论来评估经济政策对消费者福利的影响。通过观察消费者在政策变化（例如税收增加或补贴）下如何调整他们的购买，经济学家可以评估这些政策是否改善或降低了整体福利。这一实际应用强调了“揭示偏好”在现实经济分析中的相关性。然而，认识到“揭示偏好”理论的局限性也很重要。虽然它提供了对消费者行为的宝贵见解，但它并未考虑所有影响决策的因素。例如，社会影响、广告和心理因素也可能在塑造消费者偏好中发挥重要作用。此外，该理论假设消费者拥有完整的信息并做出理性的选择，而这在现实中可能并不总是成立。总之，“揭示偏好”概念为理解经济学中的消费者行为提供了一个强有力的框架。通过分析实际的购买决策，经济学家可以获得对偏好、需求弹性和政策变化对消费者福利影响的见解。尽管存在局限性，“揭示偏好”仍然是经济学家和政策制定者的重要工具，为理解消费者选择的复杂性提供了更客观的基础。随着我们继续在不断变化的经济环境中航行，“揭示偏好”的原则无疑将在我们努力理解和预测消费者行为的过程中保持相关性。