public goods

简明释义

公共商品

英英释义

例句

1.National defense is often cited as a classic example of a public good (公共物品).

国家防御常被引用为经典的公共物品（公共物品）的例子。

2.Public parks are examples of public goods (公共物品) that provide recreational space for everyone.

公共公园是公共物品（公共物品）的例子，为每个人提供娱乐空间。

3.The internet has become a vital public good (公共物品) in the digital age, accessible to many.

互联网已成为数字时代的重要公共物品（公共物品），许多人可以访问。

4.Street lighting is considered a public good (公共物品) because it benefits all residents in an area.

街道照明被视为公共物品（公共物品），因为它惠及该地区的所有居民。

5.Clean air and water are fundamental examples of public goods (公共物品) that benefit everyone.

清洁的空气和水是每个人都受益的基本例子，属于公共物品（公共物品）。

作文

Public goods are essential components of any well-functioning society. These goods are defined by two main characteristics: they are non-excludable and non-rivalrous. To elaborate, non-excludable means that individuals cannot be effectively excluded from using them, while non-rivalrous indicates that one person's use of the good does not diminish its availability to others. Classic examples of public goods (公共物品) include clean air, national defense, and public parks.The significance of public goods (公共物品) lies in their ability to provide benefits to all members of a community without direct payment. For instance, when a government invests in national defense, every citizen benefits from the security provided, regardless of whether they contribute to funding it through taxes. This collective benefit is crucial for maintaining societal stability and promoting the common good.However, the provision of public goods (公共物品) often presents a challenge known as the 'free rider problem.' Since individuals can enjoy the benefits of these goods without having to pay for them, there is little incentive for private companies to produce them. This leads to underproduction or complete lack of provision of public goods (公共物品). For example, if a city decides to build a public park, everyone can enjoy it, but only those who pay taxes contribute to its maintenance. Consequently, some individuals may choose not to pay taxes, hoping to benefit from the park without contributing to its costs.To address this issue, governments typically step in to provide public goods (公共物品) through taxation and regulation. By collecting taxes from citizens, governments can fund the production and maintenance of these goods, ensuring that they are available for everyone. This is particularly important in areas such as education and healthcare, where access to services can significantly impact the quality of life.Moreover, the concept of public goods (公共物品) extends beyond tangible items. It also encompasses intangible benefits such as social cohesion and public trust. When communities come together to support public goods (公共物品), they foster a sense of belonging and shared responsibility. This social capital is invaluable, as it encourages cooperation and collaboration among citizens, ultimately leading to a more resilient society.In conclusion, public goods (公共物品) play a vital role in our lives, providing essential services and benefits that contribute to the overall well-being of society. While challenges such as the free rider problem exist, government intervention and community engagement can help ensure that these goods are adequately provided and maintained. Understanding the importance of public goods (公共物品) encourages us to appreciate the collective efforts required to sustain them and highlights our responsibility to contribute to the common good.

公共物品是任何运作良好的社会的重要组成部分。这些物品的两个主要特征是：它们是非排他性的和非竞争性的。具体而言，非排他性意味着个人无法有效地被排除在使用这些物品之外，而非竞争性则表明一个人对该物品的使用不会减少其他人对其可用性的经典例子包括清洁空气、国家防御和公园。公共物品的重要性在于它们能够为社区中的所有成员提供利益，而无需直接支付。例如，当政府投资于国家防御时，每个公民都可以享受提供的安全，无论他们是否通过税收出资。这种集体利益对于维护社会稳定和促进共同利益至关重要。然而，提供公共物品通常会面临一个称为“搭便车问题”的挑战。由于个人可以享受这些物品的好处而不必付费，因此私人公司生产这些物品的动力很小。这导致公共物品的生产不足或完全缺乏。例如，如果一个城市决定建造一个公园，所有人都可以享受这个公园，但只有那些纳税的人才为其维护做出贡献。因此，一些个人可能选择不缴纳税款，希望在不承担费用的情况下从公园中受益。为了解决这个问题，政府通常会通过税收和监管来提供公共物品。通过向公民征收税款，政府可以为这些物品的生产和维护提供资金，确保它们对每个人都可用。这在教育和医疗等领域尤为重要，因为对服务的获取会显著影响生活质量。此外，公共物品的概念不仅限于有形物品。它还包括无形的利益，例如社会凝聚力和公众信任。当社区团结起来支持公共物品时，他们培养了归属感和共同责任感。这种社会资本是无价的，因为它鼓励公民之间的合作与协作，最终导致一个更具韧性的社会。总之，公共物品在我们的生活中发挥着至关重要的作用，提供了对社会整体福祉至关重要的服务和利益。尽管存在如搭便车问题等挑战，但政府干预和社区参与可以帮助确保这些物品得到充分提供和维护。理解公共物品的重要性使我们更加欣赏维持这些物品所需的集体努力，并突显了我们对共同利益的责任。