behaviourist

简明释义

英[bɪˈheɪvjərɪst]美[bɪˈheɪvjərɪst]

n. （英）行为主义者

复 数 b e h a v i o u r i s t s

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.The behaviourist approach solves the mind body problem by rejecting the concept of "mind".

行为主义者提出了通过拒斥“心灵”概念来解决身心问题。

2.The behaviourist approach solves the mind body problem by rejecting the concept of "mind".

行为主义者提出了通过拒斥“心灵”概念来解决身心问题。

3.As a behaviourist, she emphasizes the importance of rewards and punishments.

作为一名行为主义者，她强调奖励和惩罚的重要性。

4.The behaviourist approach is often used in educational settings to modify student behavior.

行为主义者的方法常用于教育环境中，以改变学生的行为。

5.The behaviourist focuses on observable actions rather than internal thoughts.

这个行为主义者专注于可观察的行为，而不是内心的想法。

6.In therapy, the behaviourist uses reinforcement techniques to shape behavior.

在治疗中，行为主义者使用强化技术来塑造行为。

7.A behaviourist believes that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment.

行为主义者相信所有行为都是通过与环境的互动学习而来的。

作文

The field of psychology has seen a variety of approaches to understanding human behavior. One of the most influential movements in this domain is known as behaviorism. A behaviourist (行为主义者) focuses primarily on observable behaviors rather than internal mental states. This perspective emerged in the early 20th century, largely credited to figures like John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner. They argued that psychology should be a science based on observable phenomena, and thus, they dismissed introspection and other subjective methods that were prevalent at the time.Behaviorism revolutionized how psychologists approached the study of human actions. Instead of delving into thoughts and feelings, behaviourists (行为主义者) sought to understand how environmental stimuli influenced behavior. For example, through experiments with rats and pigeons, Skinner demonstrated the principles of operant conditioning, where behaviors could be shaped through rewards and punishments. This idea has had profound implications not only for psychology but also for education, therapy, and even animal training.In educational settings, the principles of behaviorism have been applied to create structured environments where positive behaviors are reinforced. Teachers often utilize reward systems to encourage students to engage in desired behaviors, showcasing the practical application of behaviourist (行为主义者) principles. This approach can lead to improved classroom management and student motivation, as students learn to associate specific actions with positive outcomes.However, the behaviorist approach has its critics. Many psychologists argue that by focusing solely on observable behavior, behaviourists (行为主义者) neglect the cognitive processes that underlie human actions. Cognitive psychology, which gained prominence in the mid-20th century, emphasizes the importance of mental processes such as thinking, memory, and problem-solving. Critics contend that understanding behavior requires an exploration of these internal mechanisms, which behaviorism fails to address.Despite these criticisms, the legacy of behaviourism (行为主义) remains significant. In clinical settings, techniques derived from behaviorist principles, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), have proven effective in treating various psychological disorders. CBT combines behavioral strategies with cognitive restructuring, illustrating how the two perspectives can complement each other.Moreover, the rise of neuroscience has provided new insights into how behavior is linked to brain function. While traditional behaviourists (行为主义者) may have shunned discussions about mental processes, modern research often integrates behavioral observations with neurological data, creating a more comprehensive understanding of behavior.In conclusion, the role of a behaviourist (行为主义者) in psychology has been pivotal in shaping our understanding of human behavior. By emphasizing observable actions and their relationship to environmental factors, behaviorism has provided valuable frameworks for both research and practical applications. Although it faces challenges from cognitive psychology and neuroscience, the principles of behaviorism continue to influence various fields, demonstrating the enduring relevance of this approach in the study of human behavior. As we advance in our understanding of psychology, integrating the insights of behaviourists (行为主义者) with those from other perspectives will likely yield a more holistic view of what drives human actions.

心理学领域经历了多种理解人类行为的方法。其中一个最具影响力的运动被称为行为主义。behaviourist（行为主义者）主要关注可观察的行为，而不是内部心理状态。这一观点出现在20世纪初，主要归功于约翰·B·华生和B.F.斯金纳等人物。他们认为心理学应该是一门基于可观察现象的科学，因此，他们对当时盛行的内省和其他主观方法表示否定。行为主义彻底改变了心理学家研究人类行为的方式。behaviourists（行为主义者）不再深入探讨思想和情感，而是试图理解环境刺激如何影响行为。例如，通过对老鼠和鸽子的实验，斯金纳展示了操作性条件作用的原则，即行为可以通过奖励和惩罚来塑造。这一观点对心理学、教育、治疗乃至动物训练都产生了深远的影响。在教育环境中，行为主义的原则被应用于创造结构化的环境，以强化积极的行为。教师通常利用奖励系统来鼓励学生参与期望的行为，展示了behaviourist（行为主义者）原则的实际应用。这种方法可以改善课堂管理和学生动机，因为学生学习将特定行为与积极结果联系起来。然而，行为主义方法也有其批评者。许多心理学家认为，专注于可观察行为使得behaviourists（行为主义者）忽视了支撑人类行为的认知过程。认知心理学在20世纪中叶崛起，强调思维、记忆和解决问题等心理过程的重要性。批评者认为，理解行为需要探索这些内部机制，而行为主义未能解决这一点。尽管存在这些批评，behaviourism（行为主义）的遗产依然重要。在临床环境中，源自行为主义原则的技术，如认知行为疗法（CBT），已被证明在治疗各种心理障碍方面有效。CBT结合了行为策略与认知重构，说明了这两种观点如何相辅相成。此外，神经科学的兴起为行为与大脑功能之间的联系提供了新的见解。虽然传统的behaviourists（行为主义者）可能会避开讨论心理过程，但现代研究常常将行为观察与神经数据结合，创造出对行为更全面的理解。总之，behaviourist（行为主义者）在心理学中的角色对塑造我们对人类行为的理解至关重要。通过强调可观察的行为及其与环境因素的关系，行为主义为研究和实际应用提供了有价值的框架。尽管它面临来自认知心理学和神经科学的挑战，行为主义的原则仍继续影响各个领域，展示了这一方法在研究人类行为中的持久相关性。随着我们对心理学理解的深入，将behaviourists（行为主义者）的见解与其他观点相结合，可能会带来对驱动人类行为的更全面的看法。