Pareto improvement

简明释义

帕累托改进

英英释义

例句

1.The city's new public transportation plan aims to achieve a Pareto improvement by reducing travel time for commuters while maintaining low costs.

城市的新公共交通计划旨在通过减少通勤者的旅行时间同时保持低成本来实现帕累托改进。

2.A merger that enhances the value for shareholders of both companies can be seen as a Pareto improvement.

一个增强了两家公司股东价值的合并可以被视为帕累托改进。

3.In a negotiation between two companies, reaching an agreement that benefits both parties without harming either is considered a Pareto improvement.

在两家公司之间的谈判中，达成一个对双方都有利而不损害任何一方的协议被认为是帕累托改进。

4.When a policy change allows for better resource allocation without negatively impacting any stakeholders, it is a clear example of a Pareto improvement.

当政策变更允许更好的资源分配而不对任何利益相关者产生负面影响时，这就是一个明确的帕累托改进例子。

5.The introduction of a new technology that increases productivity for workers while reducing costs for employers exemplifies a Pareto improvement.

引入一种提高工人生产力同时降低雇主成本的新技术就是一个帕累托改进的例证。

作文

In the field of economics and social sciences, the concept of Pareto improvement plays a crucial role in assessing the efficiency of resource allocation. A Pareto improvement occurs when a change in allocation makes at least one individual better off without making anyone else worse off. This concept is named after the Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, who introduced the idea of efficiency in the context of economic exchanges. Understanding Pareto improvement is essential for evaluating policies and decisions that aim to enhance social welfare.To illustrate the idea of Pareto improvement, consider a simple example involving two individuals, Alice and Bob, who are sharing a pie. Initially, Alice has a larger piece of the pie, while Bob has a smaller piece. If they negotiate and agree to redistribute the pie such that both receive equal portions, this redistribution can be viewed as a Pareto improvement if both individuals feel satisfied with their new portions. In this case, neither suffers a loss, and both experience a gain in utility.The significance of Pareto improvement extends beyond individual cases; it serves as a guiding principle for policymakers. When evaluating public policies, decision-makers often seek solutions that result in Pareto improvements. For instance, environmental regulations that lead to cleaner air can benefit public health without imposing significant costs on businesses. Such regulations exemplify how societal benefits can be achieved without detriment to others, illustrating the practical application of Pareto improvement in real-world scenarios.However, achieving Pareto improvements is not always feasible. In many situations, changes may benefit some individuals while disadvantaging others. For example, a new policy that raises taxes on the wealthy to fund social programs for the poor may improve the welfare of low-income individuals but could be seen as a loss for high-income earners. In such cases, the challenge lies in balancing the interests of different groups while striving for overall societal benefit.Moreover, the concept of Pareto improvement raises questions about equity and fairness. While a change may technically qualify as a Pareto improvement, it does not necessarily imply that the outcome is just or equitable. Policymakers must consider not only efficiency but also the distribution of resources and opportunities among different segments of society. This consideration is crucial in ensuring that economic growth does not come at the expense of marginalized communities.In conclusion, the idea of Pareto improvement serves as a foundational concept in economics, highlighting the importance of efficiency in resource allocation. It provides a framework for analyzing changes in welfare and guiding policy decisions. However, while striving for Pareto improvements, it is essential to remain cognizant of the implications for equity and justice. Ultimately, the goal should be to create a society where improvements in well-being are achieved without leaving anyone behind, fostering a more inclusive and sustainable future.

在经济学和社会科学领域，Pareto improvement（帕累托改进）的概念在评估资源配置的效率中发挥着至关重要的作用。Pareto improvement发生在某种配置的变化使至少一个人变得更好，而不使其他人变得更糟。这一概念以意大利经济学家维尔弗雷多·帕累托的名字命名，他在经济交换的背景下引入了效率的思想。理解Pareto improvement对于评估旨在提高社会福利的政策和决策至关重要。为了说明Pareto improvement的概念，考虑一个简单的例子，涉及两个人，爱丽丝和鲍勃，他们共享一个馅饼。最初，爱丽丝拥有较大的一块馅饼，而鲍勃则拥有较小的一块。如果他们协商并同意重新分配馅饼，使两人获得相等的份额，这种再分配可以被视为Pareto improvement，如果两个人都对他们的新份额感到满意。在这种情况下，任何人都没有遭受损失，而两人都感受到效用的提升。Pareto improvement的重要性超越个别案例；它作为政策制定者的指导原则。当评估公共政策时，决策者通常寻求能够实现Pareto improvements的解决方案。例如，导致空气更清洁的环境法规可以改善公共健康，而不会对企业施加重大成本。这些法规体现了如何在不损害他人的情况下实现社会利益，展示了Pareto improvement在现实世界场景中的实际应用。然而，实现Pareto improvements并非总是可行。在许多情况下，变化可能使一些人受益，同时使其他人处于不利地位。例如，一项提高富人税收以资助贫困人群社会项目的新政策可能会改善低收入个体的福利，但可能被视为对高收入者的损失。在这种情况下，挑战在于平衡不同群体的利益，同时努力追求整体社会利益。此外，Pareto improvement的概念引发了关于公平和公正的问题。虽然某一变化在技术上可能符合Pareto improvement的标准，但这并不一定意味着结果是公正的或公平的。政策制定者必须考虑不仅是效率，还有资源和机会在不同社会群体之间的分配。这一考虑对于确保经济增长不会以边缘化社区为代价至关重要。总之，Pareto improvement的理念是经济学中的基础概念，突显了资源配置效率的重要性。它提供了分析福利变化和指导政策决策的框架。然而，在追求Pareto improvements时，必须保持对公平和正义影响的敏感。最终目标应该是创造一个在改善福祉的同时不让任何人掉队的社会，促进一个更加包容和可持续的未来。