monopolistic competition

简明释义

垄断竟争

英英释义

例句

1.In a market characterized by monopolistic competition, firms have some degree of market power due to product differentiation.

在一个以垄断竞争为特征的市场中，企业由于产品差异化而拥有一定的市场权力。

2.Advertising plays a crucial role in monopolistic competition as it helps firms to establish brand loyalty.

广告在垄断竞争中扮演着至关重要的角色，因为它帮助企业建立品牌忠诚度。

3.In monopolistic competition, firms can set prices above marginal cost because they sell differentiated products.

在垄断竞争中，企业可以将价格设定在边际成本之上，因为它们销售的是差异化产品。

4.Restaurants in a city often operate under monopolistic competition, offering unique dishes to attract customers.

城市中的餐馆常常在垄断竞争的环境中运营，提供独特的菜肴来吸引顾客。

5.The clothing industry is a classic example of monopolistic competition, where brands differentiate themselves through style and quality.

服装行业是垄断竞争的经典例子，各品牌通过风格和质量来实现差异化。

作文

Monopolistic competition is a term used in economics to describe a market structure where many firms sell products that are similar but not identical. This type of competition combines elements of both monopoly and perfect competition, leading to a unique dynamic in the marketplace. In a monopolistic competition (垄断竞争) environment, each firm has some degree of market power, allowing them to set prices above marginal cost, unlike in perfect competition where firms are price takers. One of the key characteristics of monopolistic competition (垄断竞争) is product differentiation. Firms in this market structure strive to make their products distinct from those of their competitors. This can be achieved through branding, quality, features, or customer service. For example, consider the fast-food industry. While all fast-food restaurants serve similar types of food, each brand offers a unique menu, atmosphere, and marketing strategy to attract customers. This differentiation allows them to gain a loyal customer base and charge higher prices than they would be able to in a perfectly competitive market.Another important aspect of monopolistic competition (垄断竞争) is the ease of entry and exit. New firms can enter the market relatively easily, which increases competition and encourages innovation. However, because existing firms have established brand loyalty and differentiated products, new entrants must invest in marketing and product development to compete effectively. Over time, this can lead to a more diverse range of products available to consumers, enhancing overall welfare.In terms of pricing, firms in a monopolistic competition (垄断竞争) setting face a downward-sloping demand curve. This means that if a firm raises its prices, it will lose some customers to competitors, but not all, due to the differentiated nature of the products. As a result, firms have some control over their pricing strategies, allowing them to maximize profits while still remaining competitive. However, this also means that they must constantly innovate and improve their offerings to maintain their market position.The long-term implications of monopolistic competition (垄断竞争) can lead to inefficiencies in the market. While firms may enjoy short-term profits due to their unique products, the presence of many competitors means that profits will eventually be driven down to normal levels as new entrants join the market. Additionally, because firms do not produce at the lowest point on their average cost curves, there can be a loss of allocative and productive efficiency compared to a perfectly competitive market.In conclusion, monopolistic competition (垄断竞争) plays a significant role in many industries, providing consumers with a variety of choices and encouraging innovation. However, it also presents challenges in terms of market efficiency and pricing strategies. Understanding the dynamics of monopolistic competition (垄断竞争) is crucial for businesses looking to thrive in a competitive environment, as well as for policymakers aiming to regulate markets effectively. By recognizing the strengths and weaknesses of this market structure, stakeholders can make informed decisions that promote economic growth and consumer welfare.

垄断竞争是经济学中用来描述一种市场结构的术语，在这种市场结构中，许多公司销售相似但不完全相同的产品。这种竞争类型结合了垄断和完全竞争的元素，导致市场中独特的动态。在monopolistic competition（垄断竞争）环境中，每家公司都有一定程度的市场权力，使它们能够将价格设定在边际成本之上，这与完全竞争中公司作为价格接受者的情况不同。monopolistic competition（垄断竞争）的一个关键特征是产品差异化。处于这种市场结构中的公司努力使其产品与竞争对手的产品区别开来。这可以通过品牌、质量、特点或客户服务来实现。例如，考虑快餐行业。虽然所有快餐店提供类似类型的食物，但每个品牌都提供独特的菜单、氛围和营销策略来吸引顾客。这种差异化使它们能够获得忠实的客户群，并收取比在完全竞争市场中更高的价格。monopolistic competition（垄断竞争）的另一个重要方面是进入和退出的便利性。新公司可以相对容易地进入市场，这增加了竞争并鼓励创新。然而，由于现有公司拥有建立的品牌忠诚度和差异化产品，新进入者必须投资于营销和产品开发才能有效竞争。随着时间的推移，这可能导致消费者可获得的产品范围更加多样化，从而提高整体福利。在定价方面，处于monopolistic competition（垄断竞争）环境中的公司面临向下倾斜的需求曲线。这意味着，如果一家公司提高价格，它将失去一些客户给竞争对手，但由于产品的差异化性质，不会全部流失。因此，公司对其定价策略有一定的控制权，使它们能够在保持竞争力的同时最大化利润。然而，这也意味着它们必须不断创新和改善其产品，以维持市场地位。从长远来看，monopolistic competition（垄断竞争）的影响可能导致市场中的低效率。尽管公司可能因其独特的产品而享有短期利润，但由于存在许多竞争者，利润最终会被新进入者驱动至正常水平。此外，由于公司未能在其平均成本曲线的最低点生产，因此与完全竞争市场相比，可能会导致配置效率和生产效率的损失。总之，monopolistic competition（垄断竞争）在许多行业中发挥着重要作用，为消费者提供了多种选择并鼓励创新。然而，它在市场效率和定价策略方面也带来了挑战。理解monopolistic competition（垄断竞争）的动态对于希望在竞争环境中蓬勃发展的企业以及旨在有效监管市场的政策制定者至关重要。通过认识到这种市场结构的优缺点，各方可以做出促进经济增长和消费者福利的明智决策。