market intervention

简明释义

市场干预

英英释义

例句

1.The central bank's market intervention helped prevent a financial meltdown.

中央银行的市场干预帮助防止了金融崩溃。

2.The government decided to implement a market intervention to stabilize food prices during the crisis.

政府决定实施市场干预以稳定危机期间的食品价格。

3.The effects of market intervention can be both positive and negative depending on the context.

根据不同的情境，市场干预的效果可以是积极的，也可以是消极的。

4.Many economists argue that market intervention can distort natural supply and demand.

许多经济学家认为市场干预可能会扭曲自然的供需关系。

5.In response to the housing crisis, local authorities initiated a market intervention program.

为了应对住房危机，当地政府启动了一个市场干预计划。

作文

In the realm of economics, the concept of market intervention plays a crucial role in shaping market dynamics and ensuring stability. Market intervention refers to the actions taken by governments or regulatory bodies to influence the functioning of a market. These interventions can take various forms, including price controls, subsidies, tariffs, and direct involvement in the buying or selling of goods and services. The primary goal of market intervention is to correct market failures, protect consumers, and promote equitable economic growth.One of the most common reasons for market intervention is to address the issue of externalities. Externalities occur when the actions of individuals or businesses have unintended consequences on third parties. For example, pollution generated by a factory can negatively impact the health of nearby residents. In such cases, the government may impose regulations or taxes on the factory to mitigate the harmful effects of its operations. This type of market intervention aims to internalize the external costs and encourage businesses to adopt more sustainable practices.Another significant aspect of market intervention is the provision of public goods. Public goods, such as national defense, public parks, and street lighting, are non-excludable and non-rivalrous, meaning that one person's consumption does not diminish another's ability to consume the same good. Because private markets often underprovide these goods due to their nature, governments step in to ensure their availability through market intervention. By funding and managing public goods, governments help to enhance the overall welfare of society.Furthermore, market intervention can be employed to stabilize prices and prevent market volatility. For instance, during times of economic crisis or natural disasters, prices of essential goods may skyrocket due to panic buying and supply chain disruptions. To protect consumers from exorbitant prices, governments may implement price ceilings or provide subsidies to keep prices affordable. This form of market intervention not only helps consumers but also supports businesses by maintaining demand for their products during challenging times.However, market intervention is not without its criticisms. Opponents argue that government involvement can lead to inefficiencies and distortions in the market. For example, price controls may result in shortages if producers find it unprofitable to sell their goods at the mandated prices. Additionally, excessive market intervention can stifle competition and innovation, as businesses may become reliant on government support rather than striving to improve their products and services.In conclusion, market intervention is a multifaceted concept that encompasses a range of government actions aimed at influencing market outcomes. While it serves important purposes, such as correcting market failures and providing public goods, it also raises concerns about potential inefficiencies and unintended consequences. As economies continue to evolve, policymakers must carefully consider the implications of market intervention and strive to strike a balance between regulation and market freedom. Ultimately, the effectiveness of market intervention hinges on the ability of governments to implement well-designed policies that promote economic stability and social welfare.

在经济学领域，市场干预的概念在塑造市场动态和确保稳定性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。市场干预是指政府或监管机构采取的影响市场运作的行动。这些干预可以采取多种形式，包括价格控制、补贴、关税以及直接参与商品和服务的买卖。市场干预的主要目标是纠正市场失灵、保护消费者并促进公平的经济增长。市场干预最常见的原因之一是解决外部性问题。外部性是指个人或企业的行为对第三方产生意想不到的后果。例如，工厂产生的污染可能会对附近居民的健康产生负面影响。在这种情况下，政府可能会对工厂施加法规或税收，以减轻其运营带来的有害影响。这种类型的市场干预旨在内化外部成本，并鼓励企业采取更可持续的做法。市场干预的另一个重要方面是公共产品的提供。公共产品，如国防、公园和街道照明，是非排他性和非竞争性的，这意味着一个人的消费不会减少另一个人消费同一商品的能力。由于私人市场通常因其性质而不足以提供这些商品，因此政府介入以确保通过市场干预提供这些商品。通过资助和管理公共产品，政府帮助提高社会的整体福利。此外，市场干预可以用于稳定价格和防止市场波动。例如，在经济危机或自然灾害期间，基本商品的价格可能因抢购和供应链中断而飙升。为了保护消费者免受高价影响，政府可能会实施价格上限或提供补贴，以保持价格的可负担性。这种形式的市场干预不仅有助于消费者，还通过在困难时期维持对其产品的需求来支持企业。然而，市场干预并非没有批评。反对者认为，政府的参与可能导致市场中的低效和扭曲。例如，如果生产者发现以规定价格销售商品不盈利，价格控制可能导致短缺。此外，过度的市场干预可能抑制竞争和创新，因为企业可能依赖政府支持，而不是努力改进其产品和服务。总之，市场干预是一个多方面的概念，涵盖了一系列旨在影响市场结果的政府行动。虽然它服务于重要目的，例如纠正市场失灵和提供公共产品，但它也引发了关于潜在低效和意外后果的担忧。随着经济的不断发展，政策制定者必须仔细考虑市场干预的影响，并努力在监管与市场自由之间取得平衡。最终，市场干预的有效性取决于政府实施良好设计政策的能力，以促进经济稳定和社会福利。