marginal rate of substitution

简明释义

边替代率

英英释义

例句

1.When the marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率 is constant, the goods are perfect substitutes.

当边际替代率 边际替代率是恒定时，这些商品是完全替代品。

2.A higher marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率 implies that consumers value one good significantly more than another.

更高的边际替代率 边际替代率意味着消费者对一种商品的价值显著高于另一种商品。

3.Understanding the marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率 helps businesses tailor their marketing strategies.

理解边际替代率 边际替代率可以帮助企业量身定制他们的营销策略。

4.The marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率 between apples and oranges can help consumers decide how to allocate their budget.

苹果和橙子之间的边际替代率 边际替代率可以帮助消费者决定如何分配他们的预算。

5.In economics, the marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率 indicates how much of one good a consumer is willing to give up for another good.

在经济学中，边际替代率 边际替代率表示消费者愿意放弃多少一种商品以获得另一种商品。

作文

The concept of the marginal rate of substitution is fundamental in economics, particularly in the study of consumer behavior and utility theory. It refers to the rate at which a consumer is willing to give up one good in exchange for another good while maintaining the same level of utility or satisfaction. Understanding this concept can help us grasp how consumers make choices between different goods and services based on their preferences and budget constraints.To illustrate the marginal rate of substitution, consider a simple example involving two goods: apples and oranges. Suppose a consumer has a fixed amount of income to spend on these fruits. The consumer enjoys both apples and oranges but has a preference for apples. At a certain point, the consumer might be willing to give up two oranges to obtain one additional apple. In this case, the marginal rate of substitution of apples for oranges would be 2. This means that the consumer values one apple as being worth two oranges in terms of their utility.As we delve deeper into the concept, it is important to note that the marginal rate of substitution is not constant; it varies depending on the quantities of the goods consumed. This variability is often illustrated through indifference curves, which graphically represent combinations of two goods that provide the same level of utility to the consumer. The slope of the indifference curve at any given point reflects the marginal rate of substitution. As a consumer increases their consumption of one good while decreasing the other, the marginal rate of substitution typically decreases due to the principle of diminishing marginal utility. This principle states that as a person consumes more of a good, the additional satisfaction (or utility) gained from consuming each additional unit decreases.In practical terms, the marginal rate of substitution helps businesses and policymakers understand consumer preferences and demand. For instance, if a company knows that consumers are willing to substitute one product for another at a specific rate, they can adjust their pricing strategies accordingly. Additionally, understanding the marginal rate of substitution can assist in predicting how changes in prices or income levels might affect consumer choices.Moreover, the marginal rate of substitution is also relevant in the context of production and resource allocation. In production theory, firms must decide how to allocate their resources efficiently to maximize output. By analyzing the marginal rate of substitution between different inputs, such as labor and capital, firms can determine the most cost-effective combination of resources to produce their desired level of output.In conclusion, the marginal rate of substitution is a crucial concept that underpins much of economic theory related to consumer choice and production. It not only provides insights into individual consumer behavior but also informs broader economic policies and business strategies. By understanding how consumers value different goods relative to one another, we can better appreciate the complexities of market dynamics and the factors that influence economic decision-making.

边际替代率（marginal rate of substitution）的概念在经济学中是基础性的，特别是在消费者行为和效用理论的研究中。它指的是消费者在保持相同效用或满意度的情况下，愿意放弃一种商品以换取另一种商品的比率。理解这一概念可以帮助我们掌握消费者如何根据偏好和预算约束在不同商品和服务之间做出选择。为了说明marginal rate of substitution，我们考虑一个简单的例子，涉及两种商品：苹果和橙子。假设消费者有固定的收入来购买这些水果。消费者喜欢苹果和橙子，但更偏爱苹果。在某个时刻，消费者可能愿意放弃两个橙子来获得一个额外的苹果。在这种情况下，苹果对橙子的marginal rate of substitution为2。这意味着消费者认为一个苹果在效用上等于两个橙子。深入了解这个概念时，需要注意的是marginal rate of substitution并不是恒定的；它会根据消费的商品数量而变化。这种变化通常通过无差异曲线来说明，无差异曲线在图形上表示提供给消费者相同效用水平的两种商品的组合。在任何给定点，无差异曲线的斜率反映了marginal rate of substitution。当消费者增加一种商品的消费，同时减少另一种商品的消费时，由于边际效用递减原则，marginal rate of substitution通常会降低。该原则指出，随着一个人消费更多的商品，从每个额外单位中获得的附加满足感（或效用）会减少。从实际角度来看，marginal rate of substitution帮助企业和政策制定者理解消费者偏好和需求。例如，如果一家公司知道消费者愿意以特定的比率将一种产品替代为另一种产品，他们可以相应地调整定价策略。此外，理解marginal rate of substitution还可以帮助预测价格或收入水平的变化可能如何影响消费者选择。此外，marginal rate of substitution在生产和资源配置的背景下也很相关。在生产理论中，企业必须决定如何高效地分配资源以最大化产出。通过分析不同投入之间的marginal rate of substitution，例如劳动和资本，企业可以确定最具成本效益的资源组合，以生产所需的产出水平。总之，marginal rate of substitution是一个关键概念，它支撑着与消费者选择和生产相关的许多经济理论。它不仅提供了对个别消费者行为的洞察，还为更广泛的经济政策和商业战略提供了信息。通过理解消费者如何相对看待不同商品的价值，我们可以更好地欣赏市场动态的复杂性以及影响经济决策的因素。