labour theory of value

简明释义

劳动价值论

英英释义

例句

1.The concept of labour theory of value is fundamental in Marxist economics.

在马克思主义经济学中，劳动价值论是一个基本概念。

2.In a discussion about economic systems, the labour theory of value often comes up as a point of contention.

在关于经济体系的讨论中，劳动价值论常常成为争论的焦点。

3.Critics argue that the labour theory of value fails to account for the subjective nature of value.

批评者认为，劳动价值论未能考虑价值的主观性质。

4.According to the labour theory of value, the value of a commodity is determined by the amount of socially necessary labour time required for its production.

根据劳动价值论，商品的价值由其生产所需的社会必要劳动时间决定。

5.Many economists believe that the labour theory of value is outdated and not applicable in today's market.

许多经济学家认为，劳动价值论已经过时，不适用于今天的市场。

作文

The concept of the labour theory of value is a fundamental principle in classical economics, most notably associated with the works of Adam Smith and Karl Marx. This theory posits that the value of a good or service is determined by the amount of labor required to produce it. In simpler terms, the more labor that goes into creating a product, the higher its value should be. This idea contrasts sharply with the subjective theory of value, which suggests that the value of a product is determined by individual preferences and market dynamics.To understand the labour theory of value, we can look at the production process of a simple item, such as a handmade chair. If it takes ten hours of skilled labor to craft this chair, the theory argues that the value of the chair should reflect that labor input. Therefore, if a worker is paid $20 per hour, the value of the chair would be $200 based on labor alone. This perspective emphasizes the importance of labor as a key component in determining economic value.However, the labour theory of value has faced criticism over the years, particularly from economists who advocate for the subjective theory of value. Critics argue that value cannot solely be attributed to labor input since factors like scarcity, demand, and consumer preferences also play significant roles. For instance, if a chair made from rare wood requires the same amount of labor as a chair made from common materials, the former may command a much higher price due to its rarity and desirability.Despite these criticisms, the labour theory of value remains relevant in discussions about labor rights and fair wages. It highlights the connection between labor and compensation, advocating for workers to receive a fair share of the value they create. In industries where labor exploitation is rampant, this theory serves as a reminder that workers' contributions are essential to the economy and should be recognized accordingly.In contemporary debates about income inequality and corporate profits, the labour theory of value provides a lens through which we can examine the relationship between labor and capital. Many argue that as corporations grow and profits soar, the workers who contribute to that success often see little benefit. This discrepancy raises questions about the fairness of our economic systems and whether they adequately reward those who perform the labor necessary for production.Furthermore, the labour theory of value can be applied to modern discussions surrounding automation and artificial intelligence. As machines take over tasks traditionally performed by humans, the dynamics of labor value are shifting. The challenge lies in ensuring that the benefits of increased productivity do not come at the expense of workers, who may find their roles diminished or eliminated altogether.In conclusion, the labour theory of value offers valuable insights into the relationship between labor and value in economic systems. While it may not fully explain all aspects of value determination, it underscores the significance of labor in the creation of goods and services. As society continues to evolve, revisiting this theory can help guide discussions about fair compensation, labor rights, and the future of work in an increasingly automated world.

劳动价值论是古典经济学中的一个基本原则，最著名的与亚当·斯密和卡尔·马克思的作品相关。该理论认为，商品或服务的价值由生产它所需的劳动量决定。简单来说，投入越多的劳动，产品的价值就越高。这个观点与主观价值理论形成鲜明对比，后者认为产品的价值由个人偏好和市场动态决定。要理解劳动价值论，我们可以看一个简单物品的生产过程，例如一把手工椅子。如果制作这把椅子需要十小时的熟练劳动，理论上认为椅子的价值应反映这种劳动投入。因此，如果一个工人的时薪为20美元，那么根据劳动计算，这把椅子的价值将是200美元。这一观点强调了劳动在确定经济价值方面的重要性。然而，劳动价值论多年来受到批评，特别是来自主张主观价值理论的经济学家。批评者认为，价值不能仅仅归因于劳动投入，因为稀缺性、需求和消费者偏好等因素也发挥着重要作用。例如，如果用稀有木材制作的椅子与用普通材料制作的椅子所需的劳动相同，前者可能由于其稀缺性和受欢迎程度而命令更高的价格。尽管存在这些批评，劳动价值论在关于劳动权利和公平工资的讨论中仍然具有相关性。它强调了劳动与报酬之间的联系，倡导工人应获得他们创造的价值的公平份额。在劳动剥削猖獗的行业中，这一理论提醒人们，工人的贡献对经济至关重要，应该得到相应的认可。在关于收入不平等和企业利润的当代辩论中，劳动价值论为我们提供了一种检视劳动与资本关系的视角。许多人认为，随着公司不断壮大和利润飙升，为这些成功做出贡献的工人往往得不到多少好处。这种差异引发了关于我们经济系统公正性的质疑，以及这些系统是否能充分奖励那些进行必要生产劳动的人。此外，劳动价值论还可以应用于现代关于自动化和人工智能的讨论。随着机器接管传统上由人类执行的任务，劳动价值的动态正在发生变化。挑战在于确保生产力提高的好处不会以工人角色减少或消失为代价。总之，劳动价值论为我们提供了关于经济系统中劳动与价值之间关系的宝贵见解。虽然它可能无法完全解释价值确定的所有方面，但它突出了劳动在商品和服务创造中的重要性。随着社会的不断发展，重新审视这一理论可以帮助指导关于公平补偿、劳动权利以及在日益自动化的世界中工作的未来的讨论。