keynesian economics

简明释义

凯恩斯经济学

英英释义

Keynesian economics is an economic theory that advocates for government intervention to manage economic cycles and promote full employment, primarily through fiscal policies such as government spending and tax adjustments.

凯恩斯经济学是一种经济理论，主张通过政府干预来管理经济周期和促进充分就业，主要通过财政政策，如政府支出和税收调整。

例句

1.During the recession, many economists advocated for keynesian economics 凯恩斯经济学 to stimulate demand through government spending.

在经济衰退期间，许多经济学家主张采用凯恩斯经济学 keynesian economics 通过政府支出来刺激需求。

2.Critics of keynesian economics 凯恩斯经济学 argue that it can lead to excessive government debt.

批评凯恩斯经济学 keynesian economics 的人认为这可能导致过度的政府债务。

3.The principles of keynesian economics 凯恩斯经济学 emphasize the importance of aggregate demand in the economy.

凯恩斯经济学 keynesian economics 的原则强调总需求在经济中的重要性。

4.The government implemented policies based on keynesian economics 凯恩斯经济学 to reduce unemployment rates.

政府实施了基于凯恩斯经济学 keynesian economics 的政策，以降低失业率。

5.Many countries turned to keynesian economics 凯恩斯经济学 after the 2008 financial crisis to boost their economies.

在2008年金融危机后，许多国家转向凯恩斯经济学 keynesian economics 来刺激经济。

作文

The concept of keynesian economics has played a pivotal role in shaping modern economic thought and policy. Developed by the British economist John Maynard Keynes during the Great Depression of the 1930s, keynesian economics emphasizes the importance of total spending in the economy and its effects on output and inflation. Keynes argued that during periods of economic downturn, private sector demand often falls short, leading to unemployment and wasted resources. This situation calls for increased government intervention to stimulate demand through fiscal policies such as increased public spending and tax cuts.One of the core principles of keynesian economics is the idea that aggregate demand drives economic growth. When consumers and businesses are hesitant to spend, the government can step in to fill the gap. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments around the world implemented stimulus packages to boost consumer spending and support struggling businesses. These measures are reflective of keynesian economics, which advocates for proactive government involvement in the economy, especially during recessions.Moreover, keynesian economics also highlights the significance of the multiplier effect, where an initial increase in spending leads to further increases in consumption and investment. For instance, when the government invests in infrastructure projects, it creates jobs, which in turn increases the disposable income of workers. These workers then spend their earnings on goods and services, further stimulating the economy. Thus, the initial government spending has a ripple effect, magnifying its impact on economic growth.Critics of keynesian economics argue that excessive government intervention can lead to inefficiencies and long-term debt problems. They contend that the market should be allowed to correct itself without interference. However, proponents believe that without the guiding hand of government, economies can fall into prolonged periods of stagnation. Historical evidence suggests that countries that adopted keynesian economics principles during economic crises often recovered more quickly than those that did not.In conclusion, keynesian economics provides a framework for understanding the dynamics of economic cycles and the role of government in managing them. Its emphasis on demand-side solutions continues to influence economic policies worldwide. As we navigate future economic challenges, the lessons from keynesian economics remind us of the importance of active government involvement in fostering economic stability and growth. By acknowledging the limitations of the private sector during downturns, we can better prepare for and respond to economic crises, ensuring a more resilient and equitable economy for all.

凯恩斯经济学的概念在塑造现代经济思想和政策方面发挥了关键作用。由英国经济学家约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯在20世纪30年代大萧条期间提出，凯恩斯经济学强调总支出在经济中的重要性及其对产出和通货膨胀的影响。凯恩斯认为，在经济低迷时期，私人部门的需求往往不足，导致失业和资源浪费。这种情况需要通过增加公共支出和减税等财政政策来刺激需求，从而实现政府干预。凯恩斯经济学的核心原则之一是总需求推动经济增长的观点。当消费者和企业对支出犹豫不决时，政府可以介入填补这一空缺。例如，在COVID-19大流行期间，世界各国政府实施了刺激计划，以促进消费支出并支持陷入困境的企业。这些措施反映了凯恩斯经济学的理念，主张在经济衰退期间，政府应积极参与经济活动。此外，凯恩斯经济学还强调乘数效应的重要性，即初始支出的增加会导致消费和投资的进一步增加。例如，当政府投资于基础设施项目时，它创造了就业机会，这反过来又增加了工人的可支配收入。这些工人随后将他们的收入用于商品和服务的消费，进一步刺激经济。因此，初始的政府支出产生了涟漪效应，放大了其对经济增长的影响。对凯恩斯经济学的批评者认为，过度的政府干预可能导致效率低下和长期债务问题。他们主张市场应在没有干预的情况下自行修正。然而，支持者认为，如果没有政府的引导，经济可能会陷入长期停滞的局面。历史证据表明，在经济危机期间采取凯恩斯经济学原则的国家通常恢复得更快，而那些没有采取这些措施的国家则相对缓慢。总之，凯恩斯经济学为理解经济周期的动态及政府在管理这些周期中的角色提供了框架。它对需求侧解决方案的重视继续影响着全球的经济政策。在我们应对未来经济挑战时，凯恩斯经济学所传达的教训提醒我们，在促进经济稳定和增长方面，积极的政府参与是多么重要。通过承认私人部门在低迷时期的局限性，我们可以更好地准备和应对经济危机，确保所有人都能享有一个更加韧性和公平的经济。