income effect

简明释义

收入效应

英英释义

例句

1.An increase in taxes can reduce disposable income, leading to a negative income effect 收入效应 on consumer spending.

税收增加会减少可支配收入，从而对消费支出产生负面影响的收入效应 收入效应。

2.During economic downturns, the income effect 收入效应 causes people to cut back on non-essential spending.

在经济低迷期间，收入效应 收入效应 导致人们削减非必要支出。

3.Understanding the income effect 收入效应 helps businesses predict how changes in consumer income will affect their sales.

理解收入效应 收入效应 有助于企业预测消费者收入变化将如何影响他们的销售。

4.The income effect 收入效应 can explain why demand for basic goods decreases when people's income rises significantly.

当人们的收入大幅上升时，收入效应 收入效应 可以解释为什么基本商品的需求会下降。

5.When consumers receive a raise, the income effect 收入效应 often leads them to purchase more luxury items.

当消费者获得加薪时，收入效应 收入效应 通常会导致他们购买更多奢侈品。

作文

The concept of the income effect is a fundamental principle in economics that describes how changes in an individual's income can influence their purchasing decisions. When a consumer experiences an increase in income, they generally have more disposable income to spend on goods and services. This can lead to an increase in the quantity demanded for normal goods, which are goods whose demand increases as income rises. Conversely, when income decreases, consumers may reduce their spending, particularly on these normal goods. This relationship between income and consumption patterns is essential for understanding consumer behavior in various economic conditions.To illustrate the income effect, consider a simple example involving two types of goods: normal goods and inferior goods. Normal goods, such as organic food or luxury items, see an increase in demand as income rises. For instance, if a person receives a promotion and their salary increases, they might choose to buy more organic produce instead of regular groceries. This shift in consumption is a direct result of the income effect, where the increase in income allows for greater spending on preferred items.On the other hand, inferior goods, such as instant noodles or public transportation, exhibit a different response to changes in income. When consumers experience a decline in income, they may resort to purchasing more inferior goods as a means of saving money. For example, if someone loses their job and their income decreases, they might start buying instant noodles instead of fresh meals, demonstrating the income effect in reverse. In this case, the decrease in income leads to an increase in the demand for inferior goods.The income effect also plays a crucial role in understanding how price changes impact consumer choices. When the price of a good decreases, the real purchasing power of consumers effectively increases, leading to a potential increase in the quantity demanded for that good. This phenomenon is often accompanied by the substitution effect, where consumers may switch from more expensive alternatives to the now cheaper option. For example, if the price of a popular smartphone drops significantly, consumers who previously could not afford it may now purchase it, showcasing both the income effect and the substitution effect at play.Furthermore, the income effect has broader implications for businesses and policymakers. Companies must consider how changes in consumer income levels can affect their sales and product offerings. For instance, during economic downturns, businesses may need to adjust their marketing strategies to appeal to consumers who are more price-sensitive due to reduced incomes. Understanding the income effect allows businesses to better navigate market fluctuations and consumer preferences.In conclusion, the income effect is a vital concept in economics that illustrates how changes in income influence consumer behavior and purchasing decisions. By recognizing the differences between normal goods and inferior goods, as well as the interplay between income changes and price adjustments, individuals and businesses can make more informed choices. Ultimately, the income effect serves as a reminder of the interconnectedness of income, consumption, and economic health, highlighting the importance of understanding consumer dynamics in today's economy.

“收入效应”是经济学中的一个基本概念，描述了个人收入变化如何影响其购买决策。当消费者的收入增加时，他们通常会有更多的可支配收入用于购买商品和服务。这可能导致对正常商品的需求量增加，而正常商品是指随着收入上升而需求增加的商品。相反，当收入减少时，消费者可能会减少支出，特别是对于这些正常商品。这种收入与消费模式之间的关系对于理解不同经济条件下的消费者行为至关重要。为了更好地说明“收入效应”，我们可以考虑一个简单的例子，涉及两种类型的商品：正常商品和劣质商品。正常商品，如有机食品或奢侈品，随着收入的增加而需求上升。例如，如果一个人获得晋升并且工资增加，他们可能会选择购买更多的有机食品，而不是普通的杂货。这种消费转变是“收入效应”的直接结果，其中收入的增加使得消费者能够在他们偏好的商品上花费更多。另一方面，劣质商品，如方便面或公共交通，在收入变化时表现出不同的反应。当消费者的收入下降时，他们可能会选择购买更多的劣质商品，以节省开支。例如，如果某人失业，收入减少，他们可能会开始购买方便面，而不是新鲜的餐食，这展示了“收入效应”的反向。在这种情况下，收入的减少导致劣质商品的需求增加。“收入效应”在理解价格变化如何影响消费者选择方面也起着至关重要的作用。当一种商品的价格降低时，消费者的实际购买力有效地增加，导致该商品的需求量可能增加。这种现象通常伴随着替代效应，即消费者可能会从更昂贵的替代品转向现在便宜的选项。例如，如果一种流行智能手机的价格大幅下降，之前无法负担得起的消费者可能会选择购买它，展示了“收入效应”和替代效应的共同作用。此外，“收入效应”对企业和政策制定者也有更广泛的影响。公司必须考虑消费者收入水平的变化如何影响他们的销售和产品供应。例如，在经济低迷期间，企业可能需要调整其营销策略，以吸引因收入减少而更加敏感的消费者。理解“收入效应”使企业能够更好地应对市场波动和消费者偏好。总之，“收入效应”是经济学中一个重要的概念，说明了收入变化如何影响消费者行为和购买决策。通过认识正常商品和劣质商品之间的差异，以及收入变化与价格调整之间的相互作用，个人和企业可以做出更明智的选择。最终，“收入效应”提醒我们收入、消费和经济健康之间的相互联系，突显了理解当今经济中消费者动态的重要性。