imperfect competion
简明释义
不完全竞争
英英释义
例句
1.Regulations can sometimes create imperfect competition by limiting the number of firms in an industry.
法规有时会通过限制行业中的公司数量来创造不完全竞争。
2.In markets characterized by imperfect competition, firms have some control over prices.
在以不完全竞争为特征的市场中,企业对价格有一定的控制权。
3.Monopolistic competition is a form of imperfect competition where many firms sell similar but not identical products.
垄断性竞争是一种不完全竞争的形式,其中许多公司销售类似但不完全相同的产品。
4.In imperfect competition, companies often engage in advertising to differentiate their products.
在不完全竞争中,公司通常通过广告来区分他们的产品。
5.The presence of brand loyalty can lead to imperfect competition in the retail sector.
品牌忠诚度的存在可能导致零售行业出现不完全竞争。
作文
In the study of economics, the concept of imperfect competition plays a crucial role in understanding how markets operate. Unlike perfect competition, where numerous small firms compete against one another with identical products, imperfect competition refers to market structures that do not meet these stringent conditions. This can include monopolies, oligopolies, and monopolistic competition, each of which has distinct characteristics that affect pricing, production, and consumer choice.One of the primary features of imperfect competition is the presence of market power. In a perfectly competitive market, no single firm can influence the market price; instead, they are price takers. However, in an imperfect competition scenario, firms have some degree of control over their prices due to brand loyalty, product differentiation, or limited competition. For instance, consider the smartphone industry. While there are many manufacturers, companies like Apple and Samsung have established strong brand identities that allow them to set higher prices than would be possible in a perfectly competitive market.Another significant aspect of imperfect competition is the differentiation of products. Firms often try to distinguish their offerings from those of competitors through various means such as quality, features, or marketing strategies. This differentiation can lead to a less elastic demand curve, meaning that consumers may be less sensitive to price changes. As a result, firms in an imperfect competition environment can enjoy higher profit margins compared to firms in a perfectly competitive market.The implications of imperfect competition extend beyond individual firms and impact the overall economy. For example, monopolies can lead to market failures, where the allocation of resources is not efficient. In such cases, monopolists may restrict output to increase prices, resulting in a loss of consumer welfare. On the other hand, oligopolies can lead to collusion, where a few dominant firms agree to set prices at a certain level, further reducing competition and harming consumers.Despite its drawbacks, imperfect competition can also foster innovation and variety in the marketplace. Companies competing in an imperfect competition setting may invest more in research and development to create new products or improve existing ones. This drive for innovation can lead to technological advancements and better choices for consumers.In conclusion, understanding imperfect competition is vital for comprehending the complexities of real-world markets. While it presents challenges such as market power and inefficiencies, it also encourages innovation and product diversity. Recognizing the characteristics of imperfect competition allows economists and policymakers to develop strategies that can enhance competition and improve market outcomes for consumers. As we continue to analyze various industries, the concept of imperfect competition remains a key element in our economic discussions, shaping our understanding of how businesses operate and how consumers make choices.
在经济学研究中,不完全竞争的概念在理解市场运作方面发挥着至关重要的作用。与完美竞争不同,在完美竞争中,许多小公司相互竞争,提供相同的产品,而不完全竞争则指不满足这些严格条件的市场结构。这可能包括垄断、寡头垄断和垄断竞争,每种都有不同的特征,影响定价、生产和消费者选择。不完全竞争的一个主要特征是市场力量的存在。在一个完美竞争的市场中,没有单个公司可以影响市场价格;相反,他们是价格接受者。然而,在不完全竞争的情况下,企业由于品牌忠诚度、产品差异化或有限的竞争而对其价格有一定程度的控制。例如,考虑智能手机行业。虽然有许多制造商,但像苹果和三星这样的公司建立了强大的品牌形象,使他们能够设定比完美竞争市场中可能的更高的价格。不完全竞争的另一个重要方面是产品的差异化。公司通常通过质量、功能或营销策略等各种手段来区分他们的产品与竞争对手的产品。这种差异化可能导致需求曲线的弹性降低,这意味着消费者对价格变化的敏感性可能较低。因此,在不完全竞争环境中的公司可以享受比完美竞争市场中的公司更高的利润率。不完全竞争的影响不仅限于个别企业,还会影响整体经济。例如,垄断可能导致市场失灵,即资源配置效率不高。在这种情况下,垄断者可能会限制产量以提高价格,从而导致消费者福利的损失。另一方面,寡头垄断可能导致串通,少数主导企业达成协议,将价格设定在某一水平,从而进一步减少竞争并损害消费者。尽管存在缺点,不完全竞争也可以促进市场的创新和多样性。在不完全竞争的环境中竞争的公司可能会更多地投资于研发,以创造新产品或改进现有产品。这种创新驱动可能导致技术进步和消费者更好的选择。总之,理解不完全竞争对理解现实世界市场的复杂性至关重要。虽然它带来了市场力量和低效等挑战,但也鼓励了创新和产品多样性。认识到不完全竞争的特征使经济学家和政策制定者能够制定策略,以增强竞争并改善消费者的市场结果。随着我们继续分析各个行业,不完全竞争的概念仍然是我们经济讨论中的关键要素,塑造我们对企业运作和消费者选择的理解。
相关单词