external cost

简明释义

外部成本

英英释义

例句

1.The factory's emissions contribute to local air pollution, creating significant external costs 外部成本 for nearby residents.

工厂的排放导致当地空气污染，为附近居民创造了显著的外部成本 external costs。

2.The government is considering regulations to address the external costs 外部成本 of plastic waste.

政府正在考虑法规以解决塑料废物的外部成本 external costs。

3.The external costs 外部成本 of climate change are often not reflected in the price of fossil fuels.

气候变化的外部成本 external costs通常未反映在化石燃料的价格中。

4.When evaluating the impact of a new highway, planners must consider the external costs 外部成本 on wildlife and ecosystems.

在评估新高速公路的影响时，规划者必须考虑对野生动物和生态系统的外部成本 external costs。

5.Pollution from the industrial sector imposes external costs 外部成本 on public health systems.

工业部门的污染对公共卫生系统施加了外部成本 external costs。

作文

In the realm of economics, the concept of external cost plays a significant role in understanding how individual actions can impact society as a whole. An external cost refers to the negative effects or costs that are incurred by third parties who are not directly involved in a transaction or activity. These costs are often overlooked in traditional economic analyses, leading to a misallocation of resources and an incomplete understanding of the true cost of goods and services.For instance, consider a factory that produces goods while emitting pollution into the air. The factory owner may only consider the direct costs of production, such as labor and materials, but the external costs associated with the pollution—such as health problems for nearby residents, environmental degradation, and increased healthcare costs—are not accounted for in the price of the product. As a result, consumers may purchase the product without realizing the broader implications of their choices. This discrepancy between private costs and external costs can lead to overproduction and overconsumption of goods that generate significant societal harm.Governments and policymakers have recognized the importance of addressing external costs to promote a more sustainable economy. One common approach is to implement regulations that limit harmful behaviors, such as emissions standards for factories or restrictions on waste disposal. However, these regulations can sometimes be met with resistance from businesses that argue they increase operational costs. Therefore, finding a balance between economic growth and environmental protection is crucial.Another effective method for internalizing external costs is through taxation. By imposing taxes on activities that generate negative externalities, governments can incentivize businesses to reduce their harmful impacts. For example, a carbon tax can encourage companies to invest in cleaner technologies and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This not only helps to mitigate the external costs associated with climate change but also promotes innovation and the development of sustainable practices.Moreover, educating consumers about external costs can empower them to make informed choices. When individuals understand the broader implications of their purchasing decisions, they may opt for products and services that are environmentally friendly or socially responsible. This shift in consumer behavior can create a demand for sustainable options, prompting businesses to adapt and reduce their external costs.In conclusion, recognizing and addressing external costs is essential for creating a more equitable and sustainable economy. By understanding the negative impacts that individual actions can have on society, we can work towards solutions that benefit everyone. Whether through regulation, taxation, or consumer education, it is imperative that we internalize external costs to ensure a healthier planet and a more just society for future generations.

在经济学领域，外部成本的概念在理解个体行为如何影响整体社会方面起着重要作用。外部成本是指那些未直接参与交易或活动的第三方所承受的负面影响或成本。这些成本通常在传统经济分析中被忽视，导致资源配置不当以及对商品和服务真实成本的不完全理解。例如，考虑一家在生产商品的同时向空气中排放污染物的工厂。工厂所有者可能只考虑生产的直接成本，如劳动力和材料，但与污染相关的外部成本——例如附近居民的健康问题、环境恶化以及增加的医疗保健成本——并未计入产品价格。因此，消费者可能在不意识到其选择的更广泛影响的情况下购买该产品。这种私人成本与外部成本之间的差异可能导致过度生产和过度消费产生显著社会危害的商品。政府和政策制定者已认识到解决外部成本的重要性，以促进更可持续的经济。一种常见的方法是实施限制有害行为的法规，例如对工厂的排放标准或废物处置的限制。然而，这些法规有时会遭到企业的抵制，企业认为这会增加运营成本。因此，在经济增长和环境保护之间找到平衡至关重要。另一种有效的内部化外部成本的方法是通过征税。通过对产生负外部性的活动征税，政府可以激励企业减少其有害影响。例如，碳税可以鼓励公司投资于更清洁的技术并减少温室气体排放。这不仅有助于减轻与气候变化相关的外部成本，还促进创新和可持续实践的发展。此外，教育消费者有关外部成本的信息可以使他们能够做出明智的选择。当个人理解其购买决策的更广泛影响时，他们可能会选择环保或社会责任感强的产品和服务。这种消费者行为的转变可以创造对可持续选项的需求，促使企业适应并减少其外部成本。总之，认识并解决外部成本对于创建一个更公平和可持续的经济至关重要。通过理解个体行为对社会的负面影响，我们可以朝着惠及所有人的解决方案努力。无论是通过监管、征税还是消费者教育，内部化外部成本都是确保未来世代拥有一个更健康的星球和一个更加公正的社会的必要条件。