democratic centralism

简明释义

民主集中制

英英释义

例句

1.The concept of democratic centralism 民主集中制 was first articulated by Lenin as a means to balance freedom of discussion with centralized decision-making.

列宁首次提出的民主集中制 democratic centralism 概念旨在平衡讨论的自由与集中决策。

2.In discussions about governance, many political theorists emphasize the importance of democratic centralism 民主集中制 in maintaining party unity.

在关于治理的讨论中，许多政治理论家强调民主集中制 democratic centralism 在维护党的团结方面的重要性。

3.The party adopted a system of democratic centralism 民主集中制 to ensure that decisions made at the top could be effectively implemented at the grassroots level.

该党采用了民主集中制 democratic centralism 的制度，以确保高层做出的决定能够有效地在基层实施。

4.Critics argue that democratic centralism 民主集中制 can lead to authoritarian practices within political parties.

批评者认为，民主集中制 democratic centralism 可能导致政党内部的专制行为。

5.During the conference, leaders reiterated their commitment to democratic centralism 民主集中制 as a guiding principle for the organization.

在会议期间，领导人重申了他们对民主集中制 democratic centralism 作为组织指导原则的承诺。

作文

The concept of democratic centralism has played a pivotal role in the political framework of various socialist states, particularly those influenced by Marxist-Leninist ideologies. At its core, democratic centralism combines two seemingly contradictory principles: democracy and centralism. This duality is essential for understanding how certain political parties operate and maintain control over their members while also engaging with the broader populace.Democracy, in this context, refers to the participation of party members in the decision-making process. Members are encouraged to express their opinions, debate policies, and contribute to the formulation of the party's agenda. This aspect of democratic centralism aims to ensure that the voices of the grassroots are heard, fostering a sense of ownership and commitment among the members. It is believed that when members actively participate in discussions, the party can better reflect the needs and aspirations of the people it represents.On the other hand, centralism emphasizes the importance of a unified leadership and coherent policy direction. Once decisions are made through democratic processes, they must be upheld and implemented by all members without dissent. This is where the concept of democratic centralism becomes particularly controversial. Critics argue that while the initial stages may allow for democratic input, the centralist aspect often stifles individual expression and dissenting views, leading to a culture of conformity and repression.Historically, democratic centralism was famously adopted by the Bolshevik Party in Russia, which sought to establish a vanguard party that could lead the proletariat towards revolution. The idea was that a disciplined party, operating under the principles of democratic centralism, would be more effective in achieving its goals than a loosely organized group. This approach was later embraced by other communist parties around the world, including those in China, Vietnam, and Cuba.In practice, however, the application of democratic centralism has varied significantly across different contexts. In some instances, it has led to the concentration of power in the hands of a few leaders, resulting in authoritarian practices and the suppression of dissent. For example, during the Cultural Revolution in China, the central leadership's interpretation of democratic centralism justified extreme measures against perceived enemies of the state, including intellectuals and party members who opposed the prevailing ideology.Despite these criticisms, proponents of democratic centralism argue that it is necessary for maintaining party unity and effectiveness, especially in times of crisis. They contend that a strong, centralized leadership is crucial for making swift decisions and implementing policies that benefit the majority. In their view, the risks associated with decentralization—such as fragmentation and infighting—can undermine the party's ability to fulfill its revolutionary objectives.In conclusion, democratic centralism remains a complex and often contentious principle within socialist politics. While it aims to balance democratic participation with centralized authority, its practical implementation can lead to significant challenges. Understanding this concept is vital for analyzing the dynamics of political parties that claim to uphold socialist values, as well as the implications for governance and civil liberties in those societies. As the world continues to evolve, the relevance and interpretation of democratic centralism will undoubtedly remain a topic of debate among scholars, activists, and policymakers alike.

“民主集中制”这一概念在许多社会主义国家的政治框架中发挥了关键作用，尤其是在受马克思列宁主义意识形态影响的国家。其核心是将两个看似矛盾的原则结合在一起：民主和集中。这种二元性对于理解某些政党的运作方式以及如何在控制成员的同时与更广泛的民众互动至关重要。在这个背景下，民主指的是党内成员参与决策过程的权利。成员们被鼓励表达意见、辩论政策并为党的议程的制定贡献力量。“民主集中制”的这一方面旨在确保基层的声音被听到，从而培养成员之间的归属感和责任感。人们相信，当成员积极参与讨论时，党能够更好地反映其所代表人民的需求和期望。另一方面，集中强调统一领导和一致政策方向的重要性。一旦通过民主程序作出决定，所有成员必须毫无异议地支持和实施这些决定。这就是“民主集中制”变得特别有争议的地方。批评者认为，尽管最初阶段可能允许民主输入，但集中主义的方面往往扼杀个人表达和异议观点，导致一种顺从和压制的文化。历史上，“民主集中制”被布尔什维克党在俄罗斯广泛采用，该党试图建立一个先锋党，引导无产阶级走向革命。其理念是，一个遵循“民主集中制”的纪律严明的政党在实现目标方面会比一个松散组织的团体更有效。这一方法后来被世界各地的其他共产党所采纳，包括中国、越南和古巴的共产党。然而，在实践中，“民主集中制”的应用在不同的背景下差异显著。在某些情况下，它导致权力集中在少数领导者手中，造成专制做法和对异议的压制。例如，在中国的文化大革命期间，中央领导对“民主集中制”的解读为针对被视为国家敌人的知识分子和党内成员的极端措施提供了正当理由。尽管存在这些批评，“民主集中制”的支持者认为，在维护党内团结和有效性方面，这是必要的，尤其是在危机时期。他们认为，强有力的集中领导对于迅速做出决策和实施有利于大多数人的政策至关重要。在他们看来，去中心化带来的风险——如分裂和内讧——会削弱党实现革命目标的能力。总之，“民主集中制”在社会主义政治中仍然是一个复杂且常引发争议的原则。尽管它旨在平衡民主参与与集中权威，但其实际实施可能导致重大挑战。理解这一概念对于分析声称维护社会主义价值观的政党的动态，以及对这些社会中的治理和公民自由的影响至关重要。随着世界的不断发展，“民主集中制”的相关性和解释无疑将继续成为学者、活动家和政策制定者之间辩论的话题。